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Exam 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

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Question 61

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For Vygotsky, private speech is ________.

A) immature
B) a tool used by children to regulate the behavior of others
C) an important tool of thought during the early childhood years
D) egocentric

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Question 62

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Identify the term that refers to the awareness that altering an object's or a substance's appearance does not change its basic properties.

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Question 63

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Patsy is a 5-year-old girl. She participates in a laboratory experiment in which random alphabets are rapidly read out to her. After 20 seconds, she is asked to recall those alphabets. In the context of information processing, this experiment has been conducted to assess Patsy's

Describe two reasons for developmental changes in memory span.

Over the past week, Walter has been learning to tie his shoelaces. Initially, his mother held his hands and worked his fingers through the process. Now that Walter is better at it, she only guides him verbally. This is an example of ________.

Juan and his little sister, Anne, are each given a large cookie. Their mother breaks Anne's cookie into four pieces to enable her to eat it easily. Juan immediately begins to cry and says that it is not fair that his sister got more cookies than him. Juan is showing a lack of

Three-year-old Amy looks at her grandmother's collection of glass animals and says, "Those are a 'no-no'. Do not touch." It appears that Amy is using ________ to regulate her own behavior.

Short sleep duration in children is linked with being

The ability of preschool children to control and sustain their attention is related to

Piaget called the second substage of the preoperational stage intuitive because children know something but know it without the use of ________.

The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is Vygotsky's term for

Alex had sleep problems in early childhood. A study showed that sleep problems could lead to ________ that in some cases persisted into early adolescence.

In moving from Piaget to Vygotsky, the conceptual shift is one from

Derek, a 4-year-old boy, is curious by nature and exhausts his parents with "why" questions. However, he is not able to comprehend ideas. His imagination does not resemble reality. Whenever he sees a rainbow, he believes that a fairy has painted it with watercolors. In the context of cognitive development in early childhood, this scenario illustrates

Three-year-old Sharon can solve 4-piece jigsaw puzzles on her own but needs her parents' help to solve 6-piece jigsaw puzzles. Which of the following represents the upper limit of Sharon's zone of proximal development (ZPD) for solving such puzzles?

Fred and Wayne are 4-year-olds. When they are together, they often wrestle, run, race, push, and shove each other. Although their activities often aggravate their parents, these activities will

Discuss the 5-2-1-0 obesity prevention guidelines recently issued for young children.

Aubrey is in a school that takes into account the typical development of children within an age span as well as the uniqueness of the child. It also emphasizes the importance of creating settings that encourage active learning and reflect the child's interests and capabilities. This view represents a ________.

What are the two most important contributors to height differences among children all over the world?

According to Benson and Sabbagh (2017) , ________ describes several operations, such as inhibition and planning, that are important for flexible, future-oriented behavior and are also connected to theory of mind development.