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A union is an employer association that bargains with workers over wages, benefits, and working conditions.

A) True
B) False

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Data on the unemployment rate in the U.S. since 1960 show that the economy always has some unemployment and that the amount changes from year to year.

A) True
B) False

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Figure 28-7 Figure 28-7   -Refer to Figure 28-7. At a minimum wage of $125, how much is the surplus of labor? -Refer to Figure 28-7. At a minimum wage of $125, how much is the surplus of labor?

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Efficiency wages


A) increase productivity and reduce unemployment.
B) increase productivity but increase unemployment.
C) decrease productivity but reduce unemployment.
D) decrease productivity and increase unemployment.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Unemployment insurance reduces the incentive for the unemployed to find and take new jobs.

A) True
B) False

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Other things the same, countries that offer more generous and longer-lasting unemployment insurance benefits are likely to have higher unemployment rates.

A) True
B) False

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The theory of efficiency wages provides a possible explanation as to why


A) workers form unions.
B) firms should try to reduce surpluses of labor.
C) firms may be inclined to keep their workers' wages above the equilibrium level.
D) firms may be inclined to keep their workers' wages below the equilibrium level.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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According to 2012 data on the U.S. population, which of the following groups of teenagers (ages 16-19) had the lowest unemployment rate?


A) white males
B) white females
C) black males
D) black females

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The Bureau of Labor Statistics' U­1 measure of joblessness is larger than its U­6 measure of joblessness.

A) True
B) False

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Cyclical unemployment


A) has a different explanation than does the natural rate of unemployment.
B) refers to the year­to­year fluctuation in unemployment around an economy's natural rate of unemployment.
C) is closely associated with short-run ups and downs of economic activity.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The Bureau of Labor Statistics produces data on unemployment


A) weekly.
B) monthly.
C) quarterly.
D) yearly.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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More than three-fourths of the unemployed are recent entrants into the labor force.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is not one of the categories into which the Bureau of Labor Statistics places each adult of each surveyed household?


A) employed
B) unemployed
C) underemployed
D) not in the labor force

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Bob is looking for work after school, but everywhere he fills out an application, the managers say they always have a lot more applications than open positions. Tom has a law degree. Several firms have made him offers, but he thinks he might be able to find a firm where his talents could be put to better use.


A) Bob and Tom are both frictionally unemployed.
B) Bob and Tom are both structurally unemployed.
C) Bob is frictionally unemployed, and Tom is structurally unemployed.
D) Bob is structurally unemployed, and Tom is frictionally unemployed.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Some degree of unemployment is in a complex economy.

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About what percentage of jobs are destroyed every year, and about what percentage of workers leave their jobs in a typical month?


A) 1% and 5%
B) 5% and 1%
C) 3% and 10%
D) 10% and 3%

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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If the wage is kept above the equilibrium level for any reason, the result is unemployment.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is correct?


A) Nearly all economists believe that unions are bad for the economy as a whole.
B) Unionized firms pay wages above the competitive equilibrium level.
C) Unions increase the level of employment in unionized firms.
D) Unions decrease the level of employment in firms without unions.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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In the town of Gotham the adult population is 560 thousand, the number unemployed is 25 thousand, and 185 thousand are not in the labor force. Calculate the unemployment rate.

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Public policy can reduce the economy's natural rate of unemployment.

A) True
B) False

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