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According to 2012 data on the U.S. population, which of the following was correct for the adult population of prime working age, ages 25-54?


A) Black males had higher labor-force participation rates and lower unemployment rates compared to white males.
B) Black males had both higher labor-force participation rates and higher unemployment rates compared to white males.
C) Black males had both lower labor-force participation rates and lower unemployment rates compared to white males.
D) Black males had lower labor-force participation rates and higher unemployment rates compared to white males.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Unemployment insurance


A) may improve the ability of the economy to match workers with appropriate jobs.
B) reduces the job search efforts of the unemployed.
C) increases the amount of frictional unemployment in the economy.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Some of a firm's workers are made worse off by the introduction of a union.

A) True
B) False

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Like any cartel, a union is a group of sellers acting together in the hope of exerting their joint market power.

A) True
B) False

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The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported in 2005 that there were 28.19 million people over age 25 who had no high school degree or its equivalent, 11.73 million of whom were employed and 1.04 million of whom were unemployed. What were the labor-force participation rate and the unemployment rate for this group?


A) 45.3% and 3.7%
B) 45.3% and 8.1%
C) 41.6% and 3.7%
D) 41.6% and 8.1%

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Government policy can do nothing about the natural rate of unemployment.

A) True
B) False

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Minimum wages are the predominant reason for unemployment in the U.S. economy.

A) True
B) False

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Josh is a full-time college student who is not working or looking for a job. The Bureau of Labor Statistics counts Josh as


A) unemployed and in the labor force.
B) unemployed but not in the labor force.
C) in the labor force but not unemployed.
D) neither in the labor force nor unemployed.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Define the natural rate of unemployment and cyclical unemployment.

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The natural rate of unemployment refers ...

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Minimum-wage laws and unions are similar to each other but different from efficiency wages in that minimum-wage law and unions


A) cause unemployment, but efficiency wages do not.
B) cause the quantity of labor supplied to exceed the quantity of labor demanded, but efficiency wages do not.
C) cause wages to be above the equilibrium level.
D) prevent firms from lowering wages in the presence of a surplus of workers.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Job search


A) is one reason economies always experience some unemployment.
B) is the process of matching workers with appropriate jobs.
C) would not be a problem if all workers and all jobs were the same.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Explain the effect of right-to-work laws on the collective bargaining power of labor unions.

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Right-to-work laws decrease th...

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Workers searching for jobs that best suit them is most closely associated with


A) cyclical unemployment.
B) frictional unemployment.
C) seasonal unemployment.
D) structural unemployment.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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There is no easy way for policymakers to reduce the economy's natural rate of unemployment.

A) True
B) False

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Sectoral shifts in demand for output


A) create structural unemployment.
B) immediately reduce unemployment.
C) increase unemployment due to job search.
D) do not affect demand for labor.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Table 28-7 Below is data about the labor market in the city of Productionville. Table 28-7 Below is data about the labor market in the city of Productionville.    -Refer to Table 28-7. If the local government imposed a minimum wage of $6 in Productionville, how many people would be unemployed? A)  0 B)  2,000 C)  3,000 D)  5,000 -Refer to Table 28-7. If the local government imposed a minimum wage of $6 in Productionville, how many people would be unemployed?


A) 0
B) 2,000
C) 3,000
D) 5,000

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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President Bigego is running for re-election against Senator Pander. Bigego proclaims that more people are working now than when he took office. Pander says that the unemployment rate is higher now than when Bigego took office. You conclude that


A) one of them must be lying.
B) both of them could be telling the truth if the labor force, and employment grew at the exact same rate.
C) both of them could be telling the truth if the labor force grew slower than employment.
D) both of them could be telling the truth if the labor force grew faster than employment.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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The labor force equals the sum of the employed and the unemployed.

A) True
B) False

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How are discouraged workers counted in the unemployment rate?

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Because discouraged workers ar...

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The Bureau of Labor Statistics' "unemployed" category includes those who were not employed, were available for work, and had tried to find employment during the previous four weeks.

A) True
B) False

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