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Ford's Expedition sport utility vehicle is its most profitable model. Therefore, Ford need not promote its Expedition model anymore.

A) True
B) False

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A business operated at 100% of capacity during its first month and incurred the following costs: A business operated at 100% of capacity during its first month and incurred the following costs:   If 75 units remain unsold at the end of the month, what is the amount of inventory that would be reported on the absorption costing balance sheet? A)  $5,625 B)  $5,250 C)  $5,760 D)  $6,210 If 75 units remain unsold at the end of the month, what is the amount of inventory that would be reported on the absorption costing balance sheet?


A) $5,625
B) $5,250
C) $5,760
D) $6,210

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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On what effects does contribution margin analysis focus?


A) the quantity factor
B) the unit cost factor
C) the unit sales price factor
D) all of the above

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements is correct using the direct costing concept?


A) All manufacturing costs are included in the calculation of cost of goods manufactured.
B) Only fixed costs are included in the calculation of cost of goods manufactured while variable costs are considered period costs.
C) Only variable manufacturing costs are included in the calculation of cost of goods manufactured while fixed costs are considered period costs.
D) All manufacturing costs are considered period costs.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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In variable costing, fixed costs do not become part of the cost of goods manufactured, but are considered an expense of the period.

A) True
B) False

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Under absorption costing, which of the following costs would not be included in finished goods inventory?


A) hourly wages of assembly worker
B) straight-line depreciation on factory equipment
C) overtime wages paid to factory workers
D) advertising costs for a furniture manufacturer

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Another name for variable costing is:


A) indirect costing
B) process costing
C) direct costing
D) differential costing

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Contribution margin reporting can be beneficial for analyzing, which of the following?


A) sales personnel
B) products
C) sales territory
D) all of the above

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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On the variable costing income statement, variable costs are deducted from contribution margin to yield manufacturing margin.

A) True
B) False

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The Excelsior Company has three salespersons. Average sales price per unit sold, average variable manufacturing costs per unit, and number of units sold for each salesperson is shown below. Commissions are according to the following schedule: The Excelsior Company has three salespersons. Average sales price per unit sold, average variable manufacturing costs per unit, and number of units sold for each salesperson is shown below. Commissions are according to the following schedule:

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Property taxes on a factory building would be included as part of the cost of products manufactured under the absorption costing concept.

A) True
B) False

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The level of inventory of a manufactured product has increased by 7,000 units during a period. The following data are also available: The level of inventory of a manufactured product has increased by 7,000 units during a period. The following data are also available:   What would be the effect on income from operations if absorption costing is used rather than variable costing? A)  $42,000 decrease B)  $42,000 increase C)  $52,500 increase D)  $52,500 decrease What would be the effect on income from operations if absorption costing is used rather than variable costing?


A) $42,000 decrease
B) $42,000 increase
C) $52,500 increase
D) $52,500 decrease

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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The level of inventory of a manufactured product has increased by 4,000 units during a period. The following data are also available: The level of inventory of a manufactured product has increased by 4,000 units during a period. The following data are also available:   What would be the effect on income from operations if absorption costing is used rather than variable costing? A)  $44,000 decrease B)  $44,000 increase C)  $64,000 increase D)  $64,000 decrease What would be the effect on income from operations if absorption costing is used rather than variable costing?


A) $44,000 decrease
B) $44,000 increase
C) $64,000 increase
D) $64,000 decrease

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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The systematic examination of differences between planned and actual contribution margins is termed contribution margin analysis.

A) True
B) False

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For a period during which the quantity of inventory at the end equals the inventory at the beginning, income from operations reported under variable costing will be smaller than income from operations reported under absorption costing.

A) True
B) False

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If variable cost of goods sold totaled $90,000 for the year (18,000 units at $5.00 each) and the planned variable cost of goods sold totaled $86,400 (16,000 units at $5.40 each) , the effect of the quantity factor on the change in variable cost of goods sold is:


A) $10,800 decrease
B) $10,800 increase
C) $10,000 increase
D) $10,000 decrease

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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If variable selling and administrative expenses totaled $124,000 for the year (80,000 units at $1.55 each) and the planned variable selling and administrative expenses totaled $136,500 (78,000 units at $1.75 each) , the effect of the quantity factor on the change in variable selling and administrative expenses is:


A) $3,000 increase
B) $3,500 decrease
C) $3,000 decrease
D) $3,500 increase

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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If sales totaled $800,000 for the year (80,000 units at $10.00 each) and the planned sales totaled $799,500 (78,000 units at $10.25 each) , the effect of the unit price factor on the change in sales is:


A) $19,500 decrease
B) $19,500 increase
C) $20,000 decrease
D) $20,000 increase

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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In determining cost of goods sold, two alternate costing concepts can be used: absorption costing and variable costing.

A) True
B) False

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Fixed costs are $50 per unit and variable costs are $125 per unit. Production was 130,000 units, while sales were 125,000 units. Determine (a) whether variable cost income from operations is less than or greater than absorption costing income from operations, and (b) the difference in variable costing and absorption costing income from operations.

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