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Will a rising parcel of air always expand? Why? Does this expansion cause the air temperature to increase or decrease? Why?

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A rising parcel of air will not always e...

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The albedo of the moon is 7 percent.This means that


A) 7 percent of the sunlight striking the moon is reflected.
B) 7 percent of the sunlight striking the moon is absorbed.
C) the moon emits only 7 percent as much energy as it absorbs from the sun.
D) 93 percent of the sunlight striking the moon is reflected.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The cold feeling that you experience after leaving a swimming pool on a hot,dry,summer day represents heat transport by


A) conduction.
B) convection.
C) radiation.
D) latent heat.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The atmospheric greenhouse effect is produced mainly by the


A) absorption and re-emission of visible light by the atmosphere.
B) absorption and re-emission of ultraviolet radiation by the atmosphere.
C) absorption and re-emission of infrared radiation by the atmosphere.
D) absorption and re-emission of visible light by clouds.
E) absorption and re-emission of visible light by the ground.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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If the amount of energy lost by the earth to space each year were not approximately equal to that received,


A) the atmosphere's average temperature would change.
B) the length of the year would change.
C) the sun's output would change.
D) the mass of the atmosphere would change.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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At night,low clouds


A) enhance the atmospheric greenhouse effect.
B) weaken the atmospheric greenhouse effect.
C) are often caused by the atmospheric greenhouse effect.
D) have no effect on the atmospheric greenhouse effect.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The earth's radiative equilibrium temperature is


A) the temperature at which the earth is absorbing solar radiation and emitting infrared radiation at equal rates.
B) the temperature at which the earth is radiating energy at maximum intensity.
C) the average temperature the earth must maintain to prevent the oceans from freezing solid.
D) the temperature at which rates of evaporation and condensation on the earth are in balance.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Describe and give examples of the various ways that heat can be transported in the atmosphere.

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Rising air cools by the process of


A) expansion.
B) evaporation.
C) compression.
D) condensation.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Sinking air warms by the process of


A) compression.
B) expansion.
C) condensation.
D) friction.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Many automobile engines are cooled by water which flows in a closed circuit through the engine block and the car's radiator.How many different heat transport processes do you find in operation here?

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In the cooling system of an automobile engine that uses water as a coolant, there are typically three different heat transport processes in operation: 1. Conduction: This is the process by which heat is transferred directly through a substance when there is a temperature difference. In the engine, heat is generated by the combustion of fuel in the cylinders. This heat is conducted through the metal of the engine block to the coolant that is in contact with the engine surfaces. 2. Convection: Once the coolant absorbs heat from the engine block via conduction, it is pumped through the cooling system. As the heated coolant moves, it carries the thermal energy away from the engine. This movement of heat via the flow of the fluid is known as convection. When the coolant reaches the radiator, it flows through thin tubes, and the heat is convected to the walls of these tubes. 3. Radiation: While not the primary mode of heat transfer in the cooling system, radiation does play a role. The radiator is designed with fins to increase its surface area, which helps to dissipate heat. As the coolant releases heat to the radiator tubes and fins, some of this heat is radiated into the surrounding air. The process of radiation involves the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves without the involvement of a physical medium. Additionally, when the heated coolant reaches the radiator, the heat is transferred from the radiator to the air passing through it. This involves a combination of convection (as the air moves over the radiator fins and carries away the heat) and radiation (as the radiator emits heat). The cooled liquid is then recirculated back into the engine block, and the cycle repeats. In summary, the primary heat transport processes in operation in a water-cooled automobile engine are conduction, convection, and to a lesser extent, radiation.

Suppose you are outside in very cold temperatures,wearing a winter coat that is quite effective at keeping you warm.Which of the following is true?


A) The coat is the source of the heat that keeps you warm.
B) Your body generates the heat that keeps you warm.
C) The coat prevents your body's heat from escaping to the surrounding air.
D) a and c
E) b and c

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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In what ways is the atmospheric greenhouse different from an agricultural greenhouse?

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If you want to keep an object cool while exposed to direct sunlight,


A) put it inside a brown paper bag.
B) wrap it in black paper.
C) wrap it in aluminum foil with the shiny side facing inward.
D) wrap it in aluminum foil with the shiny side facing outward.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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What are the other factors,besides increasing CO2 concentrations,that affect global warming?

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Global warming is a complex phenomenon i...

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The earth emits radiation with greatest intensity at


A) infrared wavelengths.
B) radio wavelengths.
C) visible wavelengths.
D) ultraviolet wavelengths.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A

Imagine that the temperature of the sun were to change.Describe or discuss some of the effects that this might have on the earth's energy budget and the earth's climate.

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A change in the temperature of the sun w...

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In the discussion of the earth's annual energy balance,we saw that the earth absorbed approximately 51 units of solar energy but emitted 117 units of infrared energy.What prevents the earth from getting colder and colder?

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The Earth's energy balance is a complex ...

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On the average,about what percentage of the solar energy that strikes the outer atmosphere eventually reaches the earth's surface?


A) 5 percent
B) 15 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 50 percent
E) 70 percent

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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Solar radiation reaches the earth's surface as


A) visible radiation only.
B) ultraviolet radiation only.
C) infrared radiation only.
D) visible and infrared radiation only.
E) ultraviolet,visible,and infrared radiation.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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