Question 1

A neuron fires when:

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ ions move against their concentration gradient spontaneously
B)  Na+ ions are actively pumped down their concentration gradient
C)  Na+ ions move down their concentration gradient spontaneously
D)  Na+ ions are actively pumped against their concentration gradientE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Toxins produced by scorpions cause sodium ion channels to become stuck open.These toxins cause pain by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Depolarizing motor neurons
B)  Polarizing sensory neurons
C)  Polarizing motor neurons
D)  Polarizing interneurons
E)  Depolarizing sensory neuronsF) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 3

The condition that develops when dopamine levels in the brain are deficient is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Epilepsy
B)  Insomnia
C)  Alzheimer disease
D)  Huntington disease
E)  Parkinson diseaseF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

The condition that develops when acetylcholine levels in the brain are deficient is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Epilepsy
B)  Insomnia
C)  Parkinson disease
D)  Huntington disease
E)  Alzheimer diseaseF) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 5

The state of a neuron when it is not conducting a nerve impulse is:

Accepted Answer

A)  An action potential of -70 millivolts
B)  A resting potential of -70 millivolts
C)  A resting potential of +35 millivolts
D)  An action potential of +35 millivoltsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 6

The condition that develops when serotonin levels in the brain are deficient is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Insomnia
B)  Epilepsy
C)  Alzheimer disease
D)  Parkinson disease
E)  Huntington diseaseF) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 7

If a neuron is at rest the concentration of potassium ions is greatest outside the cell and the concentration of sodium ions is greatest inside the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The nervous tissue of the central nervous system that consists of neuron cell bodies and synapses is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  White matter
B)  White corpuscles
C)  Grey matter
D)  Red corpuscles
E)  Red matterF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

The part of the brain that coordinates muscular movements is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Cerebellum
B)  Hypothalamus
C)  Medulla oblongata
D)  Pons
E)  CerebrumF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 10

The part of the central nervous system that conducts information to and from the brain is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Motor neuron
B)  Spinal cord
C)  Sensory neuron
D)  Brainstem
E)  Medulla oblongataF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

Drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) block reuptake of serotonin and are used to treat depression.Which of the following would occur in a patient given a SSRI?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serotonin levels would decrease in the synapse
B)  Serotonin levels would increase in the synapse
C)  More serotonin would be released by the neuron
D)  Less serotonin would be released by the neuronE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Usually the ________________ conducts nerve impulses from the cell body to a muscle,gland,or another neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dendrite
B)  Axon
C)  Trigger zone
D)  Cell body
E)  Schwann cellsF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

Some shellfish can store saxitoxin for several weeks after a harmful algal bloom passes,but others such as butterclams are known to store the toxin for up to two years.A human eating a mussel that ate algae would be which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  A producer
B)  A primary consumer
C)  A tertiary consumer
D)  A secondary consumer
E)  A detritovoreF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 14

Toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum (botulism toxin) block the release of acetylcholine from neurons.These toxins work by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhibiting synthesis of acetylcholine
B)  Triggering increased synthesis of acetylcholine
C)  Triggering increased exocytosis of vesicles containing acetylcholine
D)  Inhibiting exocytosis of vesicles containing acetylcholine
E)  Blocking diffusion of acetylcholine out through channel proteinsF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

In a neuron at rest:

Accepted Answer

A)  Active transport is not occurring
B)  Sodium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside
C)  Very little metabolism is taking place
D)  The inside of a neuron is positively charged as compared to the outside
E)  Potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outsideF) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 16

A neuron recharges when:

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ ions are actively pumped against their concentration gradient
B)  Na+ ions spontaneously move down their concentration gradient
C)  Na+ ions spontaneously move against their concentration gradient
D)  Na+ ions are actively pumped down their concentration gradientE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

In Figure 25.21,which of the following was the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  The concentration of saxitoxin fed to the clams
B)  The rate of Na+ flow across the membrane of the clam neuron
C)  The ability of clams to burrow
D)  The location from which the clams were isolated
E)  The species of algae fed to the clamsF) C) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 18

The toxins responsible for most shellfish poisonings are water-soluble,heat and acid-stable,and ordinary cooking methods do not eliminate the toxins.Would you predict saxitoxin to affect myelinated and non-myelinated neurons equally?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because all neurons have Na+ transporters
B)  No, because saxitoxin will not be able to diffuse through the myelin
C)  Yes, because saxitoxin works at the synapses of neurons, and thus would be able to access both types of neurons equally
D)  No, because myelinated neurons have a smaller Na+ gradient, and thus will be more resistantE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Which of the following support the hypothesis that Na+ transport is affected by saxitoxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human cells are resistant to saxitoxin while clam cells are sensitive to saxitoxin
B)  Clam cells transformed with the mutated form of the Na+ transporter were more resistant to saxitoxin
C)  Removing Na+ from the clams makes them resistant to saxitoxin
D)  Human cells are sensitive to saxitoxin while clam cells are resistant to saxitoxin
E)  Na+ ion concentration did not affect uptake of saxitoxin by clam cellsF) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 20

A nerve impulse does not spread backwards because of a refractory period in which the membrane reestablishes its resting potential and cannot generate another action potential.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 25: The Nervous System

The condition that develops when dopamine levels in the brain are deficient is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The condition that develops when acetylcholine levels in the brain are deficient is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A neuron recharges when:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The toxins responsible for most shellfish poisonings are water-soluble,heat and acid-stable,and ordinary cooking methods do not eliminate the toxins.Would you predict saxitoxin to affect myelinated and non-myelinated neurons equally?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Toxins produced by scorpions cause sodium ion channels to become stuck open.These toxins cause pain by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The part of the central nervous system that conducts information to and from the brain is the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a neuron is at rest the concentration of potassium ions is greatest outside the cell and the concentration of sodium ions is greatest inside the cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following support the hypothesis that Na+ transport is affected by saxitoxin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) block reuptake of serotonin and are used to treat depression.Which of the following would occur in a patient given a SSRI?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some shellfish can store saxitoxin for several weeks after a harmful algal bloom passes,but others such as butterclams are known to store the toxin for up to two years.A human eating a mussel that ate algae would be which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The nervous tissue of the central nervous system that consists of neuron cell bodies and synapses is the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The condition that develops when serotonin levels in the brain are deficient is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A nerve impulse does not spread backwards because of a refractory period in which the membrane reestablishes its resting potential and cannot generate another action potential.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a neuron at rest:

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A neuron fires when:

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In Figure 25.21,which of the following was the dependent variable?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum (botulism toxin) block the release of acetylcholine from neurons.These toxins work by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The part of the brain that coordinates muscular movements is the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The state of a neuron when it is not conducting a nerve impulse is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Usually the ________________ conducts nerve impulses from the cell body to a muscle,gland,or another neuron.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Which of the following support the hypothesis that Na⁺ transport is affected by saxitoxin?

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