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Exam 1: Introduction

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Question 51

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Danny's mother is even-tempered,fair,and tactful.Seeing this,Danny is growing up to be a polite,good-natured boy too.This imitation or modeling of behavior mirrors the concept of _____ in Bandura's social cognitive theory.

A) operant conditioning
B) observational learning
C) salient stimuli
D) classical conditioning

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Question 52

Multiple Choice

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Edwin was a neglected child in his infancy.Now,at 31 years of age,he is highly cynical about the world and feels that no one can be relied upon.In relationships he is suspicious toward his partner,and these feelings eventually lead to the breakup of the relationship.According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,this indicates that Edwin did not successfully resolve the _____ stage of development,which in turn is causing him to experience _____ in his current developmental stage.

A) identity versus identity confusion; stagnation
B) trust versus mistrust; isolation
C) autonomy versus shame and doubt; confusion
D) trust versus mistrust; despair

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Question 53

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Amir is 18 months old.According to Piaget's theory,he is in which of the following stages of cognitive development?

The developmental pattern experienced by most people in which psychological functioning peaks in early middle age,and starts to decline in the early eighties is called:

"Individuals are changing beings in a changing world." Which characteristic of development is reflected in this statement?

Darla is 84,however she still does crosswords and reads every day,and is getting around without the use of a walker or cane.What developmental pattern is she exhibiting?

Dr.Wilman is researching the place women occupy in families in Japan and the U.S.Dr.Wilman is conducting a(n) _____ study.

Brittany is preoccupied with the pursuit of independence and identity and is spending more time with friends and less with family.Her thoughts are more logical,abstract,and idealistic.She is also experiencing rapid physical changes such as gain in height and weight.Which of the following periods of development is Brittany most likely in?

If you subscribe to Paul Baltes' perspective of life-span development,which of the following statements would you NOT agree with?

The cultural makeup of the U.S.population has changed over the past few years due to immigration and other factors.Such long-term changes in the genetic and cultural makeup of a population are part of:

Lynne,five,loves to draw and color.She represents the world with words and her drawings.According to Piaget's cognitive development theory,Lynne is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

_____ processes refer to changes in the individual's thought,intelligence,and language.

Kelly responds to her infant's needs in a consistent and timely way.When he is tired she puts him down for a nap,and when he is hungry she feeds him.Erikson would say that Kelly is helping her son to develop a sense of:

Ariel wants to describe the strength of the relationship between the number of airplane companies in the world and global warming.Which of the following kinds of research is Ariel most likely to perform?

Tzu-Chiang is 55 years old and is currently enrolled in a college algebra course.He is pleasantly surprised that he is performing well in the course despite not taking a formal math class for over 30 years.Researchers would consider this an instance that illustrates how development is:

Xavier believes that we can study scientifically only what can be directly observed and measured.He argues that affective and cognitive explanations are circular.Which theoretical orientation is most akin to his views?

The cross-sectional approach to developmental research compares:

According to Freud,our adult personality is determined by:

Life expectancy in the United States has increased by _____ years during the twentieth century.

B.F.Skinner,a behaviorist,would argue that the most important things that shape development are _____.