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Which of the following is NOT an argument against state-mandated tests?


A) Neglect of students who are gifted
B) Rote memorization
C) Teaching to the test
D) Too much focus on developing the students' thinking skills

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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According to the advocates of state-mandated testing,which of the following results are believed to be positive outcomes of the testing?


A) Increased emphasis on the education of gifted students
B) Increased student performance and more time teaching subjects tested
C) A holistic approach to testing a student's social skills,flexible thinking,and creativity
D) Integration of all learning styles and teaching styles into the curricula

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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It is common to hear children start using the word fair as a synonym for equal or same starting at around _____ years of age.


A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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African American students are _____ times as likely as Latinos,Native Americans,or Whites to be suspended from school.


A) three
B) two
C) four
D) five

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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What is the term that is used to identify the presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same individual?

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Angie's mother allows her to schedule her study and relaxation time on her own and,in turn,expects Angie to continue doing well in school and to discuss her activities with her mother ahead of time.Her mother checks on her school progress frequently,and also talks to her about her problems and her social life.This approach is called:


A) boundary ambiguity.
B) latchkey control.
C) unilateral control.
D) coregulation.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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What is the term for the belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes?

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Which of the following types of bullying is experienced more frequently by boys than girls?


A) Subject of sexual comments or gestures
B) Subject of rumors
C) Belittled about religion or race
D) Belittled about looks or speech

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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According to Kenneth Dodge,aggressive boys are more likely to perceive another child's actions as hostile when:


A) their self-esteem is challenged.
B) the child's intention is ambiguous.
C) their aggressive responses can be exercised discreetly.
D) the child presents itself as a weak and gullible victim.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Carol Gilligan has criticized Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development because:


A) it is based on a male norm that puts abstract principles above relationships.
B) it does not recognize higher-level moral reasoning in certain cultural groups.
C) Kohlberg underestimated the contribution of family relationships to moral development.
D) it places too much emphasis on moral thought and not enough emphasis on moral behavior.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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According to Kohlberg,which of the following is the first stage of moral development?


A) Social contract or utility and individual rights
B) Mutual interpersonal expectations,relationships,and interpersonal conformity
C) Heteronomous morality
D) Social systems morality

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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During the elementary years,a child's self-understanding includes increasing reference to all of the following EXCEPT:


A) psychological characteristics.
B) social comparison.
C) social aspects.
D) physical characteristics.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Distinguish between self-esteem and self-concept.

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Self-esteem refers to global evaluations...

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Which of the following is NOT true about developmental changes in parent-child relationships?


A) Elementary school children tend to receive more physical discipline than they did as preschoolers.
B) During middle and late childhood,parental control changes to coregulation with the child.
C) Mothers are more likely than fathers to engage in a managerial role in parenting.
D) During middle and late childhood,children are allowed to engage in moment-to-moment self-regulation.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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All of the following are effective ways to improve relationships among ethnically diverse students,EXCEPT:


A) reducing bias.
B) being a competent cultural mediator.
C) turning the classroom into a segregated learning experience.
D) encouraging students to have positive interactions with students from diverse ethnic groups.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Children's sharing comes to reflect a more complex sense of what is just and right during:


A) middle and late infancy.
B) late infancy.
C) middle and late childhood.
D) early adolescence.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following techniques will parents NOT tend to use to discipline elementary school children?


A) Coercive holding
B) Deprivation of privileges
C) Appeals to the child's self-esteem
D) Comments designed to increase the child's sense of guilt

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following statements represents a criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?


A) Kohlberg's theory is based on the prevention of suffering of others.
B) Compassion is given too much importance in Kohlberg's theory.
C) There is too much emphasis on moral thought and not enough emphasis on moral behavior.
D) There is no emphasis on the need for justice in matters of morality.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Children have the highest self-esteem when:


A) they are competent in all tasks that are given to them.
B) they perform competently in domains that are important to them.
C) they are extrinsically rewarded by role models.
D) they are encouraged to avoid problems they face rather than cope with them.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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List three possible problems associated with state-mandated testing in schools.

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According to critics,the NCLB legislatio...

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