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Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that:


A) begins at childhood and continues until adulthood.
B) begins at conception and continues until adulthood.
C) begins at birth and continues through the human life span.
D) begins at conception and continues through the human life span.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The developmental period,when one is an infant,adolescent,or middle-aged person,refers to:


A) a historical circumstance common to people of a particular generation.
B) a time frame in a person's life that is characterized by certain features.
C) a time frame in which a person experiences maximum change.
D) a time frame in a nation's history that is characterized by rapid development.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A researcher is interested in the effect of exercise on stamina in elderly patients.The patients are randomly assigned to be in a high-exercise or low-exercise training program for eight weeks.At the end of the program,their stamina is measured by seeing how long they can walk comfortably on a treadmill.In this study,the dependent variable is:


A) the number of minutes on the treadmill.
B) the exercise program (high versus low) .
C) the number of elderly patients.
D) the eight-week duration of the exercise program.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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The _____ approach to the study of development emphasizes extensive change from birth to adolescence,especially during infancy,little or no change in adulthood,and decline in old age.


A) prescriptive
B) constructivist
C) traditional
D) evolutionary

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Two-year-old Julia is learning to talk,and her parents would say that her favorite word is "no".This would be considered normal for a child in Erik Erikson's life-span stage of:


A) initiative versus guilt.
B) intimacy versus isolation.
C) autonomy versus shame and doubt.
D) trust versus mistrust.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of Urie Bronfenbrenner's environmental systems consists of the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course,as well as sociohistorical circumstances?


A) Mesosystem
B) Chronosystem
C) Macrosystem
D) Exosystem

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Piaget's four stages of cognitive development:


A) start at conception and continue until adulthood.
B) start at birth and end at death.
C) span from conception to death.
D) start at birth and continue through adulthood.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Mary is three years-old,and in preschool.Identify the development period that Mary is currently in.


A) Infancy
B) Early childhood
C) Middle childhood
D) Late childhood

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The idea that no age period dominates development highlights the life-span perspective that development is:


A) plastic.
B) contextual.
C) multidimensional.
D) lifelong.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Dr.Nasrin believes that associating behavior with consequence can shape the probability of a behavior occurring.He is arguing that _____ conditioning is important for behavioral modification.


A) stimulus
B) operant
C) classical
D) cognitive

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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"You can't teach an old dog new tricks".This old saying refutes Paul Baltes' life-span perspective that views development as being:


A) plastic.
B) multidisciplinary.
C) lifelong.
D) contextual.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Ramada,69,an avid golfer and fitness enthusiast,recently got a comprehensive health exam done,and her physician remarked that her vital organs were in such good shape that her _____ age was about 10 years less than her chronological age.


A) social
B) mental
C) biological
D) psychological

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Nonnormative life events:


A) do not happen to all people.
B) happen to younger children,but not to older adults.
C) are common to people of a particular generation.
D) influence the cultural makeup of a population.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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The elementary school years where children need to direct their energy toward mastering knowledge and intellectual skills is when Erikson's stage of _____ takes place.


A) intimacy versus isolation
B) integrity versus despair
C) autonomy versus shame and doubt
D) industry versus inferiority

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Lynne,5,loves to draw and color.She represents the world with words and her drawings.According to Piaget's cognitive development theory,Lynne is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.


A) preoperational
B) sensorimotor
C) formal operational
D) concrete operational

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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McKenzie,age 2,wants to do everything on her own.Her mother punishes her when she attempts to pour her own milk or tries to answer the phone.Erikson would say that McKenzie is likely to develop a sense of:


A) inferiority.
B) autonomy.
C) stagnation.
D) shame and doubt.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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The concept of discontinuity is characterized by:


A) qualitative change.
B) quantitative change.
C) collective change.
D) measured change.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Dr.Wilman is researching the place women occupy in families in Japan and the U.S.Dr.Wilman is conducting a(n) _____ study.


A) longitudinal
B) ethnocentric
C) cross-cultural
D) decentralized

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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_____ processes refer to changes in the individual's thought,intelligence,and language.


A) Cognitive
B) Biological
C) Socioemotional
D) Cultural

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following correlations is the strongest?


A) -.65
B) +.46
C) +.70
D) -.77

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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