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Walt Whitman


A) intensely disagreed with the American transcendentalists.
B) rejected much of romanticism.
C) celebrated the liberation of the individual.
D) was a strong critic of American democracy.
E) became a strong defender of southern institutions,especially slavery.

F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following was arguably the most distinctive feature of Shakerism?


A) the admittance of women only
B) communal raising of children
C) polygamy
D) free love
E) complete celibacy

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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What were the motives for the founding of the many communal living societies in the first half of the nineteenth century?

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The most important and popular American painters in the first half of the nineteenth century were known as the ________.

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In the 1840s in the United States,an initial understanding of germ theory was developed by


A) Edward Jenner.
B) William Morton.
C) Oliver Wendell Holmes.
D) James Warren.
E) Ignaz Semmelweis.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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What were the social factors that motivated the many reform movements in the North before the Civil War?

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In the 1840s,William Lloyd Garrison spoke against


A) equality for women.
B) defensive wars.
C) ending the asylum system.
D) northern disunion from the South.
E) extreme pacifism.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Joseph Smith introduced the practice of ________.

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Who among the following was NOT a participant in American communal living?


A) Nathaniel Hawthorne
B) Walt Whitman
C) George Ripley
D) John Humphrey Noyes
E) Robert Owen

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Both the Oneida Community and the Shakers were committed to celibacy.

A) True
B) False

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The 1848 Seneca Falls,New York,convention on women's rights


A) issued a manifesto patterned after the Declaration of Independence.
B) asserted that women should have a place in society distinctly different from that of men.
C) refused to allow men to attend.
D) called on the government to treat both genders and all races with equality.
E) shied away from demanding female suffrage,as this was too radical.

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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Transcendentalists


A) rejected European intellectuals.
B) regarded reason to be the most important human faculty.
C) argued that emotional responses inhibited the internal development of individuals.
D) believed all individuals should develop their intellectualism.
E) argued for the liberating potential of "understanding."

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Describe the essential tenets of the transcendentalist philosophy.

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The Mormons were forced to abandon their settlement at Nauvoo due to persecution from neighbors.

A) True
B) False

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In the North,abolitionists were a small,dissenting minority of the total population.

A) True
B) False

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The abolitionist cause suffered a set-back as a result of the 1842 Supreme Court ruling in Prigg v.Pennsylvania.

A) True
B) False

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Ralph Waldo Emerson was both a minister and a transcendentalist philosopher.

A) True
B) False

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How do the ideas of nineteenth-century transcendentalism link to twentieth-century ecology?

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Shaker societies


A) asserted that God was a female.
B) established most of its communities in the South.
C) saw women exercise more power than men.
D) first began in the United States in the 1840s.
E) were eventually forced to move to Utah.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Many of the Hudson River school artists expressed a nostalgic view of nature.

A) True
B) False

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