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Exam 1: Introduction

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Question 41

Multiple Choice

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_____ means the capacity for change.

A) Elasticity
B) Plasticity
C) Contextuality
D) Tenacity

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 42

Multiple Choice

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The longitudinal method of research consists of studying:

A) the same individuals over a long period of time.
B) individuals of different ages.
C) individuals from around the globe.
D) individuals born in the same year.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Question 43

Multiple Choice

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Dr. Wong is a cognitive developmental theorist, so we know that he will stress the importance of _____ in understanding development.

_____ encompasses the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.

A recent television documentary concluded that, from birth, girls are more nurturing than are boys. You agree with this because you believe nurturing is an evolutionary trait passed on through the generations, because females needed to be more nurturing to aid the survival of the species. Your view reflects the _____ perspective of development.

Caitlin, age 25, has a good job as a financial analyst but she has few friends and has had no success in dating. She admits that being close to others is a problem for her. According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, Caitlin is at a risk of reaching the state of:

A(n) _____ is a carefully regulated procedure in which one or more factors believed to influence the behavior being studied are manipulated while all other factors are held constant.

_____ is a time of establishing personal and economic independence, career development, and, for many, selecting a mate, learning to live with someone in an intimate way, starting a family, and rearing children.

Influences that generally effect a generation, for example, the effect of the Vietnam war on the baby boomers, are considered _____ influences.

Lynne, 5, loves to draw and color. She represents the world with words and her drawings. According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, Lynne is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

According to APA's guidelines, after the study has been completed, participants should be informed of its purpose and the methods that were used. This is known as:

Which of the following correlations is the strongest?

According to Piaget's theory, two processes underlie children's cognitive construction of the world:

Joey has shot up in height over the past year, has developed a deeper voice, and is starting to grow facial hair. He is preoccupied with the pursuit of independence and identity and is spending more time with friends and less with family. Which of the following periods of development is Joey in?

Two concepts that help provide a framework for describing and understanding an individual's development are:

Fernando believes that as individuals adapt to their environment, development, or phylogeny occurs. He further believes that there are critical periods that have also been selected for. He is most likely taking a(n) _____ approach.

The 35-year-old grandmother, the 65-year-old father of a preschooler, the 15-year old surgeon, and the 70-year-old student, all serve to illustrate that:

Life expectancy in the United States has increased by _____ years during the twentieth century.

Briefly describe the ethological perspective. Provide an example that involves a critical period to bolster this perspective's argument.

Nellie, 3, bangs her head against the wall repeatedly throughout the day. How could Skinner's concept of operant conditioning be applied to address this behavior?