Question 1

There was a _____ percent increase in stay-at-home fathers in the United States from 1996 to 2006.

Accepted Answer

A)   300-plus
B)   less than 20
C)   100
D)   200E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following would Erik Erikson be MOST likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant?

Accepted Answer

A)   Do not soothe the baby, because he/she will be spoiled.
B)   Pick up the baby and soothe him/her so that a healthy sense of trust develops.
C)   Allow the infant to cry because this will encourage the development of a self-sufficient child.
D)   Soothe the baby about every other time, so that he/she does not become dependent on external comforters.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following terms is used to describe the mutually regulated interactions between parents and infants?

Accepted Answer

A)   Other-conscious
B)   Innate
C)   Regulated
D)   SynchronousE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Mary Rothbart and John Bates stress that _____ is an important dimension of temperament in infants, because it shows the ability (or the lack of it)  to keep their arousal from getting too intense and have strategies for soothing themselves.

Accepted Answer

A)   introversion
B)   effortful control
C)   emotionality
D)   extraversionE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

The interactions between parents and infants are described as _____ when all is going well.

Accepted Answer

A)   unidirectional
B)   reciprocal
C)   asynchronous
D)   unregulatedE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Monsena is an independent and adventurous child who likes to explore new places in her environment. However, her mother is overprotective and forbids Monsena from going to the backyard or garden in their house. Developmental psychologists would say that a discussion of this discrepancy concerns:

Accepted Answer

A)   goodness of fit.
B)   nonreciprocal interactions.
C)   social dysfunction.
D)   insecure attachment.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Makiko feels ashamed when her friend comes over for a play-date and teases her about wearing night-time diapers. This is an example of _____ emotions.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary
B)   other worldly
C)   other-conscious
D)   consciousE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n)  _____ child reacts negatively and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept change.

Accepted Answer

A)   slow-to-warm-up
B)   easy
C)   difficult
D)   flexibleE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Juan has been showing marked increase in his imitative and reciprocal play; he goes around imitating nonverbal actions like jumping and running. Juan is probably:

Accepted Answer

A)   around 6 months old.
B)   between 6 and 9 months old.
C)   between 12 and 18 months old.
D)   between 18 and 24 months old.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Two-month-old Trey is crying loudly. It is a sudden long, initial loud cry followed by breath holding. This type of cry indicates that Trey is:

Accepted Answer

A)   experiencing pain.
B)   experiencing embarrassment.
C)   very angry.
D)   very hungry.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

What is the term used to describe "reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Social referencing
B)   Deferred imitation
C)   Infinite generativity
D)   Reciprocal socializationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

In the Strange Situation, Jermaine used his mother as a "safe base" as he actively explored the playroom. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as:

Accepted Answer

A)   securely attached.
B)   trusting attached.
C)   agape-love attached.
D)   solidly attached.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 13

This is a form of reciprocal socialization in which parents time interactions in such a way that the infant experiences turn-taking with parents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This is a form of reciprocal socialization...

Question 14

"Reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Reading" emotional cues in others to help...

Question 15

Nakita is 6 months old, and she has a tendency to cry when strangers come near her. She is displaying one of a baby's earliest emotions, _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   fear
B)   embarrassment
C)   jealousy
D)   prideE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Quimby, age 15 months, looks to her mother to see if she should be afraid of the stranger who has come to her home. Quimby relaxes when she sees her mother smiling and speaking to the stranger in a calm voice. Quimby is engaging in:

Accepted Answer

A)   social checking.
B)   social scoping.
C)   social referencing.
D)   social validation.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Especially in infancy, emotions play important roles in:

Accepted Answer

A)   independence.
B)   reciprocal socialization.
C)   sensation.
D)   behavioral organization.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

According to Mary Ainsworth, a(n)  _____ infant avoids the mother or is ambivalent toward her, fears strangers, and is upset by minor, everyday separations.

Accepted Answer

A)   extraverted
B)   insecurely attached
C)   easily adaptable
D)   slow-to-warm-upE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

_____ is an emotion that occurs for the first time in infants at some point in the second half of the first year or during the second year of life.

Accepted Answer

A)   Joy
B)   Anger
C)   Fear
D)   PrideE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of reciprocal socialization?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is bidirectional.
B)   It is asynchronous.
C)   It is nontransactional.
D)   It is harmful to infants.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

_____ is an emotion that occurs for the first time in infants at some point in the second half of the first year or during the second year of life.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There was a _____ percent increase in stay-at-home fathers in the United States from 1996 to 2006.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following terms is used to describe the mutually regulated interactions between parents and infants?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Monsena is an independent and adventurous child who likes to explore new places in her environment. However, her mother is overprotective and forbids Monsena from going to the backyard or garden in their house. Developmental psychologists would say that a discussion of this discrepancy concerns:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Quimby, age 15 months, looks to her mother to see if she should be afraid of the stranger who has come to her home. Quimby relaxes when she sees her mother smiling and speaking to the stranger in a calm voice. Quimby is engaging in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Mary Ainsworth, a(n) _____ infant avoids the mother or is ambivalent toward her, fears strangers, and is upset by minor, everyday separations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Especially in infancy, emotions play important roles in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The interactions between parents and infants are described as _____ when all is going well.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the term used to describe "reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Strange Situation, Jermaine used his mother as a "safe base" as he actively explored the playroom. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

This is a form of reciprocal socialization in which parents time interactions in such a way that the infant experiences turn-taking with parents.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nakita is 6 months old, and she has a tendency to cry when strangers come near her. She is displaying one of a baby's earliest emotions, _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two-month-old Trey is crying loudly. It is a sudden long, initial loud cry followed by breath holding. This type of cry indicates that Trey is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mary Rothbart and John Bates stress that _____ is an important dimension of temperament in infants, because it shows the ability (or the lack of it) to keep their arousal from getting too intense and have strategies for soothing themselves.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Juan has been showing marked increase in his imitative and reciprocal play; he goes around imitating nonverbal actions like jumping and running. Juan is probably:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would Erik Erikson be MOST likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a characteristic of reciprocal socialization?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Makiko feels ashamed when her friend comes over for a play-date and teases her about wearing night-time diapers. This is an example of _____ emotions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n) _____ child reacts negatively and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept change.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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