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Scenario 17-2. Imagine that two oil companies, BQ and Exxoff, own adjacent oil fields. Under the fields is a common pool of oil worth $144 million. Drilling a well to recover oil costs $5 million per well. If each company drills one well, each will get half of the oil and earn a $67 million profit ($72 million in revenue - $5 million in costs) . Assume that having X percent of the total wells means that a company will collect X percent of the total revenue. -Refer to Scenario 17-2. If BQ and Exxoff are able to successfully collude to maximize their joint profits, BQ will


A) drill one well and Exxoff will drill one well.
B) drill one well and Exxoff will drill two wells.
C) drill two wells and Exxoff will drill one well.
D) drill two wells and Exxoff will drill two wells.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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The notion of a tit-for-tat strategy applies to a prisoners' dilemma game that is played repeatedly, but it does not apply if the game is played only once.

A) True
B) False

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Table 17-19 Consider a small town that has two grocery stores from which residents can choose to buy a loaf of bread. The store owners each must make a decision to set a high bread price or a low bread price. The payoff table, showing profit per week, is provided below. The profit in each cell is shown as (Store 1, Store 2) . Table 17-19 Consider a small town that has two grocery stores from which residents can choose to buy a loaf of bread. The store owners each must make a decision to set a high bread price or a low bread price. The payoff table, showing profit per week, is provided below. The profit in each cell is shown as (Store 1, Store 2) .    -Refer to Table 17-19. What is grocery store 2's dominant strategy? A)  Grocery store 2 does not have a dominant strategy. B)  Grocery store 2 should always set a low price. C)  Grocery store 2 should always set a high price. D)  Grocery store 2 should set a low price when grocery store 1 sets a low price, and grocery store 2 should set a high price when grocery store 1 sets a high price. -Refer to Table 17-19. What is grocery store 2's dominant strategy?


A) Grocery store 2 does not have a dominant strategy.
B) Grocery store 2 should always set a low price.
C) Grocery store 2 should always set a high price.
D) Grocery store 2 should set a low price when grocery store 1 sets a low price, and grocery store 2 should set a high price when grocery store 1 sets a high price.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The Clayton Act of 1914 allows those harmed by illegal arrangements to restrain trade to


A) sue for up to two times the damages they incurred.
B) sue for up to three times the damages they incurred.
C) sue for up to four times the damages they incurred.
D) sue for damages, but only for the actual amount of damages they incurred.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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The more firms an oligopoly has,


A) the more likely it is to earn monopoly profits.
B) the higher the price of the product.
C) the farther the equilibrium quantity will be from the socially efficient quantity.
D) the more likely the firms will charge a price close to the perfectly competitive price.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Scenario 17-2. Imagine that two oil companies, BQ and Exxoff, own adjacent oil fields. Under the fields is a common pool of oil worth $144 million. Drilling a well to recover oil costs $5 million per well. If each company drills one well, each will get half of the oil and earn a $67 million profit ($72 million in revenue - $5 million in costs) . Assume that having X percent of the total wells means that a company will collect X percent of the total revenue. -Refer to Scenario 17-2. If BQ and Exxoff are able to successfully collude to maximize their joint profits, BQ will earn


A) $43 million and Exxoff will earn $86 million.
B) $62 million and Exxoff will earn $62 million.
C) $67 million and Exxoff will earn $67 million.
D) $86 million and Exxoff will earn $43 million.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is necessarily a problem with antitrust laws?


A) They may target a business whose practices appear to be anti-competitive but in fact have legitimate purposes.
B) They may encourage firms to collude and reduce social welfare compared to the unregulated market.
C) They reduce the effectiveness of the market to self-regulate.
D) They are enforced by agencies whose self-interest contradicts the interests of society as a whole.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Table 17-6 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Kunal and Naj, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Kunal and Naj work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump, to bring the water to town, and to sell it at whatever price the market will bear. Assume Kunal and Naj can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water are shown in the table below. Table 17-6 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Kunal and Naj, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Kunal and Naj work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump, to bring the water to town, and to sell it at whatever price the market will bear. Assume Kunal and Naj can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water are shown in the table below.    -Refer to Table 17-6. Since Kunal and Naj operate as a profit-maximizing monopoly in the market for water, what price will they charge for water? A)  $2 B)  $4 C)  $6 D)  $7 -Refer to Table 17-6. Since Kunal and Naj operate as a profit-maximizing monopoly in the market for water, what price will they charge for water?


A) $2
B) $4
C) $6
D) $7

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Table 17-34 Suppose that two oil companies - BP and Exxon - own adjacent natural gas fields. The profits that each firm earns depends on both the number of wells it drills and the number of wells drilled by the other firm. The table below lists each firm's individual profits: Exxon Drill one well Drill two wells Table 17-34 Suppose that two oil companies - BP and Exxon - own adjacent natural gas fields. The profits that each firm earns depends on both the number of wells it drills and the number of wells drilled by the other firm. The table below lists each firm's individual profits: Exxon Drill one well Drill two wells    -Refer to Table 17-34. Does BP have a dominant strategy? If so, describe it. -Refer to Table 17-34. Does BP have a dominant strategy? If so, describe it.

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Yes, regardless of Exxon's str...

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An oligopoly would tend to restrict output and drive up price if


A) barriers to entering the industry are negligible.
B) firms engage in informative advertising.
C) firms produce a standardized product.
D) firms collude and behave like a monopoly.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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To function as a monopoly, OPEC and other cartels rely on among members.

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One way that public policy encourages cooperation among oligopolists is through antitrust law.

A) True
B) False

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The argument that consumers will not be willing to pay any more for two items sold as one than they would for the two items sold separately is used to justify the legality of which of the following?


A) resale price maintenance
B) tying
C) predatory pricing
D) free-riding

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) is an example of a cartel in the output market for petroleum. Major League Baseball could be considered a cartel in the market for baseball players.

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Suppose the market for home-grown peppers in the town of Smallville is comprised of two farmers. Explain why they might try to collude.

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The two farmers might try to collude abo...

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All cartels are inherently reliant on


A) a horizontal demand curve.
B) an inelastic demand for their product.
C) the cooperation of their members.
D) enforcement of antitrust laws.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Table 17-29 Suppose that two firms, Wild Willy's Wonderdrink (Firm W) and Hyper Hank's Hydration (Firm H) , comprise the market for energy drinks. Each firm determines that it could lower its costs and increase its profits if both firms reduced their advertising budgets. But for the plan to work, each firm must agree to refrain from advertising. Each firm believes that advertising works by increasing the demand for the firm's energy drinks, but each firm also believes that if neither firm advertises, the cost savings will outweigh the lost sales. The table below lists each firm's individual profits: Firm W Breaks agreement Maintains agreement and advertises and does not advertise Table 17-29 Suppose that two firms, Wild Willy's Wonderdrink (Firm W)  and Hyper Hank's Hydration (Firm H) , comprise the market for energy drinks. Each firm determines that it could lower its costs and increase its profits if both firms reduced their advertising budgets. But for the plan to work, each firm must agree to refrain from advertising. Each firm believes that advertising works by increasing the demand for the firm's energy drinks, but each firm also believes that if neither firm advertises, the cost savings will outweigh the lost sales. The table below lists each firm's individual profits: Firm W Breaks agreement Maintains agreement and advertises and does not advertise    -Refer to Table 17-29. Which of the following statement(s)  correctly characterizes the outcome of this game? A)  There is a Nash equilibrium when both firms advertise. B)  Both Firm W and Firm H have a dominant strategy to advertise. C)  Although both firms collectively would earn higher profits by maintaining the agreement not to advertise, self- interest will cause each firm to break the agreement. D)  All of the above are correct. -Refer to Table 17-29. Which of the following statement(s) correctly characterizes the outcome of this game?


A) There is a Nash equilibrium when both firms advertise.
B) Both Firm W and Firm H have a dominant strategy to advertise.
C) Although both firms collectively would earn higher profits by maintaining the agreement not to advertise, self- interest will cause each firm to break the agreement.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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The Clayton Act


A) preceded the Sherman Act.
B) replaced the Sherman Act.
C) strengthened the Sherman Act.
D) was specifically designed to reduce the ability of cartels to organize.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The essence of an oligopolistic market is that there are only a few sellers.

A) True
B) False

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In studying oligopolistic markets, economists assume that


A) there is no conflict or tension between cooperation and self-interest.
B) it is easy for a group of firms to cooperate and thereby establish and maintain a monopoly outcome.
C) each oligopolist cares only about its own profit.
D) strategic decisions do not play a role in such markets.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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