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On hot summer days, electricity-generating capacity is sometimes stretched to the limit. At these times, electric companies may ask people to voluntarily cut back on their use of electricity. On these days, electricity is


A) excludable, but nonrival in consumption.
B) not excludable, but rival in consumption.
C) excludable and rival in consumption.
D) not excludable and nonrival in consumption.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Pete is a non-union employee at The Electric Co. The majority of the employees at The Electric Co. are unionized. The union at The Electric Co. has negotiated very good benefits. Even though he is not a union member and he does not have to pay union dues, Pete receives all the benefits that the union has negotiated. Pete's behavior is an example of


A) rivalry.
B) a barrier to entry.
C) free riding.
D) Taft-Hartley opposition.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is not a typical solution to the "Tragedy of the Commons?"


A) taxing the use of the common resource
B) turning the common resource into a club good
C) turning the common resource into a private good
D) regulating the use of the common resource

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Four roommates share an off-campus house and equally share the cost of rent. Everyone says that she values a clean house, yet the house is usually dirty. To an economist, a clean house in this case represents


A) a common resource problem.
B) a public good.
C) a natural monopoly.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Most lighthouses are operated by the government because


A) of the free-rider problem.
B) lighthouses are no longer valued by society.
C) most lighthouses are only tourist attractions in state and national parks.
D) shipping companies would not be able to afford maintenance fees for lighthouses.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Cost-benefit analysis is important to determine the role of government in our economy because


A) the government should provide all goods for which the benefits exceed the costs.
B) cost-benefit analysis identifies the possible gains to society from government provision of a particular good.
C) markets for private goods cannot effectively assign costs and benefits.
D) cost-benefit analysis is the best tool to identify market failures.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which two types of goods are excludable?

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Private go...

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Because elephants roam freely in many countries in Africa, each individual African elephant poacher has


A) a strong incentive to kill as many elephants as he can find.
B) a strong incentive to protect the elephants.
C) the ability to save the elephants.
D) None of the above is correct.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Drivers have to pay a toll to drive on certain roads. In essence, a toll is a corrective tax on the externality of __________.

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Recall the four types of goods. Are national defense and a patented invention the same type of good? Briefly explain.

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No. National defense...

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The greatest difficulty with cost-benefit analysis of a public project is determining


A) whether government revenue is sufficient to cover the cost of the project.
B) which contractor should be awarded the project.
C) the cost of the project.
D) the value or benefit of the project.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Figure 11-1 Figure 11-1    -Refer to Figure 11-1. A gym membership at a gym that always has space in classes and on machines is an example of the type of good represented by Box A)  A. B)  B. C)  C. D)  D. -Refer to Figure 11-1. A gym membership at a gym that always has space in classes and on machines is an example of the type of good represented by Box


A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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"Given that most people like to get 'free stuff,' it follows that goods that are available free of charge are produced and consumed in the proper amounts in a market economy." What is wrong with this statement?

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In the absence of government interventio...

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