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Compare the Indian civilizations north of Mexico with those in Central and South America.

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The Indian civilizations north of Mexico...

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An encomienda was a


A) Spanish-run community of assimilated Indians.
B) uniform worn by conquistadores.
C) special title given to Spanish explorers of the New World.
D) religious ceremony.
E) license to exact tribute and labor from natives.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Owing to their commitment to Catholicism,male Spanish immigrants had very little sexual contact with Indian women.

A) True
B) False

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The first permanent English settlement in the New World was established in


A) Jamestown.
B) Roanoke.
C) Raleigh.
D) Boston.
E) Plymouth.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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As a result of his third voyage in 1498,Christopher Columbus concluded that


A) Asia could not be reached by a ship traveling west from Europe.
B) he had encountered a continent separate from Asia.
C) all of the lands he had seen were in Asia.
D) the lands he had discovered offered great mineral wealth.
E) he had never come even remotely close to Asia.

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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The civilizations and political systems of pre-Columbian Native Americans north of Mexico were less elaborate than those of the peoples to the south.

A) True
B) False

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The first truly complex society in the Americas was that of the


A) Maya.
B) Inca.
C) Aztecs.
D) Pueblo peoples.
E) Olmecs.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding African immigrants to the Americas between 1500 and 1800?


A) Almost all came voluntarily.
B) Almost all came voluntarily, making up somewhat less than half of all immigrants to the New World.
C) They made up over half of all immigrants to the New World.
D) Almost all came against their will, and they made up over half of all immigrants to the New World.
E) Almost all came against their will.

F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Native American religions were closely linked to


A) visions from the world of spirits.
B) human sacrifice.
C) ideas of male dominance.
D) the idea of apocalypse.
E) the natural world.

F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

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One important consequence of the defeat of the Spanish Armada was that


A) England found the seas more open to their control.
B) the Reformation extended into Spain.
C) Spain was forced to relinquish its New World empire.
D) Catholicism was swept from western Europe.
E) France came to dominate Spain.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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The Pueblo Indians continued to practice their native religious rituals,even though many of them converted to Christianity.

A) True
B) False

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Christopher Columbus spent his early seafaring years in the service of the Portuguese.

A) True
B) False

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By the seventeenth century,the Spanish had given up their efforts to assimilate the Indians to Spanish ways.

A) True
B) False

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Scholars estimate that human migration into the Americas over the Bering Strait occurred approximately


A) 18,000 years ago.
B) 5,000 years ago.
C) 2,000 years ago.
D) 9,000 years ago.
E) 11,000 years ago.

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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The early Spanish settlers were successful at establishing plantations,but not at finding gold or silver.

A) True
B) False

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Who was the first known European to look westward upon the Pacific Ocean,in 1513?


A) Ferdinand Magellan
B) Amerigo Vespucci
C) Juan Ponce de León
D) Hernando Cortés
E) Vasco de Balboa

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

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In England during the early sixteenth century,mercantilism thrived mostly on the basis of trade in which commodity?


A) spices
B) lumber
C) slaves
D) corn
E) wool

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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In what way did sixteenth-century Europeans benefit from trade between the Americas and Europe?


A) Trade with the Americas ended future food shortages in Europe.
B) Forced immigration of Indian slaves reduced labor shortages in Europe.
C) Food prices sharply rose as new crops flooded the European market.
D) A large number of new crops became available in Europe.
E) Health care improved as Indian medical practices were widely practiced in Europe.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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At the time of the beginning of the slave trade,most Africans


A) had well-developed economies and political systems.
B) followed the Christian faith.
C) had no important cities or trading centers.
D) were primitive peoples dominated by warring tribal societies.
E) had little commercial contact with the Mediterranean world.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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In the late fifteenth century,the desire in Europe to look for new lands was spurred in part by


A) a desire to escape the Black Death.
B) the declining political power of many monarchs.
C) significant population growth.
D) the absence of a merchant class.
E) the expansion of feudalism.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

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