A) a public vote.
B) state legislatures.
C) a state governor.
D) presidential executive order.
E) an act of Congress.
G) All of the above
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B) False
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A) Italy and Russia.
B) Ireland and Germany.
C) Ireland and Italy.
D) England and Russia.
E) England and Ireland.
G) B) and E)
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The immigrant experience in the United S...View Answer
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A) had to cook their meals over an open hearth.
B) were typically renters.
C) rarely employed servants.
D) usually had women holding part-time employment outside of the home.
E) became the most influential cultural form of urban America.
G) B) and D)
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B) False
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B) False
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A) saw their greatest development in the southern slave states.
B) had not yet been constructed in America.
C) became the dominant form of transportation in the nation.
D) played a relatively small role in the nation's transportation system.
E) standardized both the gauge of tracks and timetables.
G) C) and D)
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A) the technological means to reproduce photographs in newsprint.
B) the introduction of the telegraph system.
C) creation of a national cooperative news-gathering organization.
D) invention of the steam cylinder rotary press.
E) the dramatic growth of mass-circulation newspapers.
G) B) and D)
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The terrific growth of American industry...View Answer
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A) grocery store.
B) tavern.
C) town hall.
D) schoolhouse.
E) church.
G) All of the above
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A) were concentrated in the Northeast.
B) were concentrated in the Northeast and employed one-third of the nation's manufacturing labor force.
C) produced goods whose total value greatly exceeded the nation's agricultural output.
D) employed one-third of the nation's manufacturing labor force.
E) None of these answers is correct.
G) B) and C)
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The status and role of American women ch...View Answer
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B) False
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A) the political strength of industrial capitalists.
B) ethnic divisions among workers.
C) a lack of labor union size sufficient to stage successful strikes.
D) the large number of immigrant workers.
E) the question of whether to include women members.
G) C) and E)
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B) False
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True
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A) very rich.
B) very poor.
C) middle class.
D) slaves.
E) well-to-do.
G) C) and D)
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Railroads became the key American industry in the nineteenth century for several reasons, which can be broadly categorized into economic, geographic, technological, and social factors.
1. Economic Expansion: The United States experienced rapid economic growth during the 19th century, with the expansion of markets and the need for efficient transportation of goods. Railroads provided a faster, more reliable, and cost-effective means of transporting goods over long distances compared to traditional methods such as horse-drawn wagons or canal boats.
2. Geographic Scale: The vastness of the United States, with its wide-open spaces and diverse terrain, made the development of a comprehensive transportation network essential for national cohesion and development. Railroads could bridge the distances between the East Coast and the expanding frontier in the West, facilitating the movement of people and goods across the continent.
3. Technological Innovation: The 19th century was a period of significant technological advancement, and railroads were at the forefront. The development of the steam locomotive and improvements in iron and steel production allowed for the construction of durable tracks and powerful engines capable of hauling heavy loads.
4. Access to Resources: Railroads enabled access to the country's vast natural resources, including timber, coal, and minerals. This access was crucial for industrialization, as factories needed raw materials to produce goods. Railroads also allowed agricultural products from the Midwest to reach markets in the East, spurring agricultural development.
5. Military and Postal Services: Railroads played a strategic role in military logistics, allowing for the rapid movement of troops and supplies. They also revolutionized postal services, making mail delivery faster and more reliable, which facilitated communication and commerce.
6. Government Support: The U.S. government recognized the importance of railroads and provided significant support, including land grants and subsidies. This support helped fuel the rapid expansion of the rail network.
7. Urbanization and Immigration: As railroads connected more places, they spurred urbanization by enabling cities to grow and by connecting them to other urban centers and rural areas. Additionally, railroads were instrumental in the movement of millions of immigrants who came to the United States seeking new opportunities.
8. Market Integration: Railroads helped integrate national markets, making it easier to buy and sell goods across the country. This integration helped standardize prices and products, contributing to the growth of a national economy.
9. Time Standardization: The need for standardized timekeeping across the vast rail network led to the creation of time zones, which was essential for scheduling and has had a lasting impact on how time is organized.
In summary, railroads became the key American industry in the nineteenth century because they were the driving force behind economic growth, national expansion, technological innovation, and the integration of markets. They transformed the American landscape, economy, and society, laying the foundation for the United States to become a world power in the years to come.
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A) unions must admit working women as members.
B) child labor laws were unconstitutional.
C) labor unions were lawful organizations.
D) minimum wage laws were a restraint on trade.
E) labor strikes were illegal.
G) C) and D)
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One technological development in the pre-Civil War era was the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793. This technology revolutionized the cotton industry by making it much easier and faster to separate cotton fibers from their seeds, leading to a significant increase in cotton production.
Another technological development during this time was the expansion of the railroad system. The construction of railroads allowed for faster and more efficient transportation of goods, including raw materials like cotton, from the Southern states to the Northern states and beyond. This interconnected transportation network facilitated the growth of industries and trade, including the distribution of cotton to textile mills in the North.
The interrelationship between these two technological developments is evident in the way they complemented each other to drive the economic and social changes of the pre-Civil War era. The cotton gin increased the South's ability to produce cotton, and the expanded railroad system allowed for the efficient distribution of this cotton to markets and factories across the country. This interplay between technological advancements in agriculture and transportation played a significant role in shaping the economy and society of the United States before the Civil War.
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