Question 1

According to Skinner,the fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that organisms tend to repeat those responses that.

Accepted Answer

A)   reduce a biological need.
B)   are followed by favorable consequences.
C)   decrease the probability of the consequence that produced it.
D)   increase a biological need.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following most clearly shows that an animal's biological makeup can affect the ease of learning an association?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pavlov's dogs, bells, and salivation
B)   Thorndike's cats in a puzzle box
C)   Skinner's rats in an operant chamber
D)   Garcia's conditioned taste aversion experimentsE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

____________________ reinforcers include things such as food,water,warmth,and sex,which are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ reinforcers include things such as food,water,warmth,and...

Question 4

In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses,stimulus generalization was shown when Albert showed the fear response to

Accepted Answer

A)   the rabbit.
B)   the rat.
C)   the loud noise.
D)   his mother.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

The principles of learning and conditioning have

Accepted Answer

A)   turned out to have little relevance to real-world concerns.
B)   been widely applied in education, business, and industry.
C)   attracted little interest outside of psychology.
D)   proven worthless when applied to humans as opposed to animals.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Classical conditioning is to ____ responses; as operant conditioning is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   voluntary; involuntary
B)   reflexive; involuntary
C)   involuntary; reflexive
D)   reflexive; voluntaryE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

An animal will give a conditioned response to a stimulus that has never been associated with the presentation of the original US in both

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus generalization and higher-order conditioning.
B)   stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination.
C)   stimulus discrimination and higher-order conditioning.
D)   higher-order conditioning and spontaneous recovery.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

In operant conditioning,____________________ are events that typically precede the target response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In operant conditioning,____________________ are events that typically...

Question 9

Continuing to pair a specific CS and US,but periodically presenting stimuli similar to the CS and not pairing them with the US,should result in

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus discrimination.
B)   stimulus generalization.
C)   extinction.
D)   response attenuation.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Behavior modification works best when used to modify

Accepted Answer

A)   a broadly defined behavior, for example, "I will be friendlier."
B)   a personality trait, for example, "I will stop being irritable."
C)   or attain a specific goal, for example, "I will get a 4.00 GPA this semester."
D)   a specific overt behavior, for example, "I will stop smoking."E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 11

In Pavlov's principle experiment,the unconditioned stimulus was the

Accepted Answer

A)   salivation.
B)   light.
C)   tone.
D)   meat powder.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 12

Cognitive processes are involved in which of the following key processes associated with observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A)   motivation and reproduction
B)   motivation and retention
C)   attention and retention
D)   attention and reproductionE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Stimulus contiguity refers to whether the stimuli

Accepted Answer

A)   occur together in time.
B)   occur together in space.
C)   occur together in time and space.
D)   have been conditioned prior to the current trial.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Researchers have found that animals show evidence of classical conditioning if they are injected with a drug that chemically causes immunosuppression,while they are simultaneously drinking an unusual-tasting liquid.In these studies,the conditioned response would be

Accepted Answer

A)   the immunosuppression.
B)   the taste of the liquid that is used.
C)   the injection of the drug.
D)   fear of the injection process.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

On Thursday morning,Charles prepared his typical breakfast of corn flakes with milk and a cup of coffee.However,instead of having grapefruit with his breakfast,he tried eating guava for the first time.At lunchtime he ate his typical lunch of tuna salad and potato chips.However,instead of having a Coke to drink with his lunch,he drank a new fruit flavored soft drink for the first time.During the mid afternoon he became extremely ill.If his illness causes him to develop a conditioned response to something which stimulus is likely to be the conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)   guava, because it was a novel stimulus and was the first novel thing he ingested that day
B)   tuna, because it is most likely have been sour and it was ingested closest in time to the onset of the illness
C)   milk, because the milk may have been sour and it was ingested first thing in the morning
D)   the new fruit flavored soft drink, because it was a novel stimulus and was ingested closest in time to the onset of the illnessE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

The difference between punishment and negative reinforcement is that

Accepted Answer

A)   punishment strengthens undesirable behaviors, and negative reinforcement weakens undesirable behaviors.
B)   punishment weakens undesirable behaviors, while negative reinforcement weakens desirable behaviors.
C)   punishment weakens behavior, while negative reinforcement strengthens behavior.
D)   there is no difference between punishment and negative reinforcement in their effects on behavior.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

What are stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination? Why are they important?

Accepted Answer

In both classical and operant conditioni...

Question 18

Imagine that you have a roommate who is a slob and you would like to change this behavior.From your knowledge of conditioning principles how would you encourage and reinforce their behavior?

Accepted Answer

The behavior of keeping a clean room is ...

Question 19

The technique used to teach animals complex tricks,such as teaching pigeons to play ping-pong,is

Accepted Answer

A)   respondent conditioning.
B)   continuous reinforcement.
C)   programming.
D)   shaping.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

When reinforcement for a behavior is removed,the consequence will be

Accepted Answer

A)   an immediate weakening and eventual disappearance of the behavior.
B)   a brief increase in the frequency with which the behavior is performed, followed by the weakening and eventual disappearance of the behavior.
C)   the emergence of superstitious behavior designed to reinstitute the reinforcement.
D)   unpredictable unless more information about the nature of the behavior is provided.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 6: Learning

Stimulus contiguity refers to whether the stimuli

Correct Answer
verified

In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses,stimulus generalization was shown when Albert showed the fear response to

Correct Answer
verified

When reinforcement for a behavior is removed,the consequence will be

Correct Answer
verified

The principles of learning and conditioning have

Correct Answer
verified

In Pavlov's principle experiment,the unconditioned stimulus was the

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following most clearly shows that an animal's biological makeup can affect the ease of learning an association?

Correct Answer
verified

____________________ reinforcers include things such as food,water,warmth,and sex,which are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs.

Correct Answer
verified

Imagine that you have a roommate who is a slob and you would like to change this behavior.From your knowledge of conditioning principles how would you encourage and reinforce their behavior?

Correct Answer
verified
The behavior of keeping a clean room is ...
View Answer

According to Skinner,the fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that organisms tend to repeat those responses that.

Correct Answer
verified

Researchers have found that animals show evidence of classical conditioning if they are injected with a drug that chemically causes immunosuppression,while they are simultaneously drinking an unusual-tasting liquid.In these studies,the conditioned response would be

Correct Answer
verified

Cognitive processes are involved in which of the following key processes associated with observational learning?

Correct Answer
verified

Classical conditioning is to responses; as operant conditioning is to .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In operant conditioning,____________________ are events that typically precede the target response.

Correct Answer
verified

The technique used to teach animals complex tricks,such as teaching pigeons to play ping-pong,is

Correct Answer
verified

What are stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination? Why are they important?

Correct Answer
verified
In both classical and operant conditioni...
View Answer

Behavior modification works best when used to modify

Correct Answer
verified

An animal will give a conditioned response to a stimulus that has never been associated with the presentation of the original US in both

Correct Answer
verified

Continuing to pair a specific CS and US,but periodically presenting stimuli similar to the CS and not pairing them with the US,should result in

Correct Answer
verified

The difference between punishment and negative reinforcement is that

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Learning

Stimulus contiguity refers to whether the stimuli

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses,stimulus generalization was shown when Albert showed the fear response to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When reinforcement for a behavior is removed,the consequence will be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The principles of learning and conditioning have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Pavlov's principle experiment,the unconditioned stimulus was the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following most clearly shows that an animal's biological makeup can affect the ease of learning an association?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____________________ reinforcers include things such as food,water,warmth,and sex,which are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine that you have a roommate who is a slob and you would like to change this behavior.From your knowledge of conditioning principles how would you encourage and reinforce their behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe behavior of keeping a clean room is ...View AnswerShow Answer

According to Skinner,the fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that organisms tend to repeat those responses that.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have found that animals show evidence of classical conditioning if they are injected with a drug that chemically causes immunosuppression,while they are simultaneously drinking an unusual-tasting liquid.In these studies,the conditioned response would be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cognitive processes are involved in which of the following key processes associated with observational learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning is to ____ responses; as operant conditioning is to ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In operant conditioning,____________________ are events that typically precede the target response.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The technique used to teach animals complex tricks,such as teaching pigeons to play ping-pong,is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination? Why are they important?

Correct AnswerverifiedIn both classical and operant conditioni...View AnswerShow Answer

Behavior modification works best when used to modify

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An animal will give a conditioned response to a stimulus that has never been associated with the presentation of the original US in both

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Continuing to pair a specific CS and US,but periodically presenting stimuli similar to the CS and not pairing them with the US,should result in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The difference between punishment and negative reinforcement is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The behavior of keeping a clean room is ...
View Answer

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Classical conditioning is to responses; as operant conditioning is to .

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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In both classical and operant conditioni...
View Answer

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