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Exam 4: Coping With Environmental Variation:

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Question 1

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Refer to the figure. The figure shows the relationship between the outside temperature and the temperature of three animals. Based on the figure, the body temperature of animal B is approximately _______°C when the outside temperature is 20°C and approximately _______°C when the outside temperature is 35°C.

A) 22; 32
B) 18; 34
C) 22; 36
D) 40; 41

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Question 2

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Loss of _______ pressure results in wilting of nonwoody plants due to dehydration.

A) turgor
B) xyleic
C) osmotic
D) matric

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Question 3

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Which soil type provides the best storage for biologically available water?

Kangaroo rats adapted to the desert will

Refer to the figure. -The figure shows the relationship between the ambient temperature and the relative metabolic rates of a number of mammals. What is the lower critical temperature of an unclothed human?

Which organisms would most likely be able to tolerate the 90°C environments that occur in hot springs?

Imagine that you want to cryogenically freeze yourself and maximize your chances of being brought back to life at a later time. How could you do it in such a way that you are protected from some of the consequences that might make resuscitation impossible? What would be a critical consequence of the cold temperatures that you would want to protect yourself against? What consequences might this have if you did not avoid it?

A mouse exposed to reduced levels of oxygen initially cannot run as fast as usual, but after a week its performance improves. This is an example of _______ to _______.

Which statement about the condition known as pubescence is false?

An individual zooplankton can change its solute concentrations in response to a change in water salinity. This response is an example of _______ in the form of a(n) _______ adjustment.

If the temperature of a plant is 10°C and the ambient temperature is 14°C, there will be a net input of heat to the plant via

Suppose a plant is receiving 150 units of heat per minute due to solar radiation, and 45 units of heat per minute due to infrared radiation. Sixty units per minute of solar radiation are reflected back by the leaves, and the plant emits 30 units of infrared radiation. It also loses 50 units of heat per minute through evapotranspiration. The temperature of the plant is not changing. Based on this information, we can conclude that the combination of conduction and convection is resulting in a net _______of heat by the plant, and that its temperature is currently _______ than the ambient temperature.

Suppose that the osmotic potential of a system is -55 MPa. The system is under tension, and the pressure potential exerted on the system is -40 MPa. The matric potential is -80 MPa. What is the overall water potential of the system?

The opening and closing of stomates is controlled by _______. Stomate openings primarily affect the process of _______.

In the canopies of tropical forests, plants are able to survive despite the high temperatures and high levels of solar radiation due to the process of

On a warm day, a dog pants and some of the water on its tongue evaporates. This evaporation has a _______ effect that is caused by _______.

The cells of a fish are about 0.8% salt. One liter of water is about 1,000 grams. Solution A contains 70 grams of salt in 20 liters of water, solution B contains 120 grams of salt in 10 liters of water, and solution C contains 50 grams of salt in 10 liters of water. Which solution is hyperosmotic to the fish?

Refer to the figure. -The figure shows the relationship between the ambient temperature and the relative metabolic rates of a number of mammals. How much of a difference is there between the lower critical temperature of a polar bear cub and the temperature at which its metabolic rate doubles?

The zone of turbulent air flow close to the surface of an object is referred to as a _______ layer.

If the body size of an ectotherm with a semi-spherical body shape were to increase considerably, the surface area-to-volume ratio would _______, and the animal's ability to exchange heat with the environment would _______.