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Concept testing involves taking a product idea to consumers to test their reactions.

A) True
B) False

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Restaurants, like other businesses, often find that the best way to succeed in the market is to


A) listen to customers and adapt products to their needs.
B) create a product for which they could charge an exceptionally high price.
C) create a winning combination of advertising and personal selling for all of the stores in the chain.
D) open more stores in a single year than other food-service operators.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The purpose of ________ is to create real or perceived product differences.


A) niche marketing
B) product differentiation
C) product mixing
D) target marketing

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Newport Industries is one of the first producers of a unique consumer product. The company has chosen a low-price strategy, hoping this will enable them to quickly attract many customers while discouraging potential competitors from entering the market. Newport's approach to pricing is a classic example of the skimming strategy.

A) True
B) False

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Most manufacturers hope that their brand names will become a generic name.

A) True
B) False

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According to the Making Ethical Decisions box, there is more and more confusion growing around what makes a product "natural." What is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considering doing to alleviate the confusion?


A) banning companies from using "natural"
B) allowing all companies to claim products are "natural"
C) creating a definition for "natural"
D) limiting the use of "natural" to only cleaning products

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A skimming price strategy involves a low pricing policy intended to attract price-sensitive customers from competitors.

A) True
B) False

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Shopping goods and services are purchased only after consumers compare value, quality, style, and price of competing goods and services.

A) True
B) False

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A firm's product line refers to all of the different geographic markets in which it sells the same good or service.

A) True
B) False

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Cheryl is considering adding a rack of greeting cards to her product offerings at The Bitty Bookstore. Her fixed costs associated with adding the greeting cards would be $400. Variable costs per card are $1 each. The greeting cards will sell for $3 each. Helen's break-even point would occur at ________ cards sold.


A) 150
B) 200
C) 300
D) 450

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Jameson noticed that the vending machine soda bottles had changed shape. Upon further investigation, he saw that each bottle contained 2 ounces less than the previous bottles. But the price remained the same! The pricing objective of the beverage company is to


A) increase profits by reducing the amount provided in each bottle.
B) build traffic at the vending machines by changing the shape of the bottle.
C) undercut the competition by changing the shape of the bottle.
D) increase market share by reducing the amount provided in each bottle.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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The concepts of product lines and product mixes apply to marketers of both products and services.

A) True
B) False

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Small firms often rely on nonprice competition when competing against larger firms.

A) True
B) False

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________ is an important part of the total product offer for a product.


A) Consumer income
B) Management style
C) Employee personality
D) Packaging

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Consumer goods and services are generally classified into four specific categories. What are the four categories, and how do they differ? Illustrate by giving examples of products that are often included in each category.

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Consumer goods and services are classifi...

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At the break-even point


A) profits are maximized.
B) variable costs are equal to total fixed costs.
C) target profit is achieved.
D) total revenue is equal to total cost.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Discuss the role of packaging in a firm's total product offer.

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Packaging performs several important fun...

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According to the product life cycle model, profits tend to


A) remain relatively constant until the decline stage, when they begin to drop.
B) reach a peak near the end of the maturity stage.
C) rise rapidly during the market preference stage.
D) peak before sales reach their highest level.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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As consumers evaluate a product, price plays a small role.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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________ consist of major capital equipment such as new factories and heavy machinery.


A) Accessory goods
B) Specialty goods
C) Installations
D) Shopping goods

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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