Question 1

Describe the mechanisms by which certain prokaryotes glide. What are the ecological advantages of gliding motility?

Accepted Answer

Mechanisms will vary depending on the or...

Question 2

The membrane-enclosed compartments that contain digestive enzymes in eukaryotic cells are called

Accepted Answer

A)   cristae.
B)   mitosomes.
C)   lysosomes.
D)   stromas.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Based on your knowledge of porins from the chapter, what is the best description of the specific type of porin called an aquaporin?

Accepted Answer

A)   water transport proteins
B)   molecules that prevent water from crossing a membrane
C)   enzymes involved in the generation of water within cells
D)   cations bound to water moleculesE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Macromolecules resulting from lysosomal digestion are used in cellular biosynthesis and energy generation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is to

Accepted Answer

A)   confer buoyancy on cells by decreasing their density.
B)   serve as a reservoir for oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C)   keep the cell's organelles separated during flagellar motion.
D)   store oxygen for aerobic growth when oxygen becomes depleted in the environment.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Hydrolytic enzymes function in the

Accepted Answer

A)   initial degradation of nutrients.
B)   transport of substrates within the cell.
C)   chemotactic response, particularly in gram-negative Bacteria.
D)   regeneration of the periplasm.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) is a carbon- and energy-storing polymer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Describe the makeup of the phospholipid bilayer. Include molecular orientation and proteins as well.

Accepted Answer

The fatty acid components of the lipids ...

Question 9

________ are charged molecules that are partially responsible for the ________ charge of the gram-positive bacterial cell surface.

Accepted Answer

A)   Diaminopimelic acids / positive
B)   Teichoic acids / negative
C)   Phospholipids / negative
D)   Peptide interbridges / neutralE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Explain why being small is advantageous for cells and how it affects growth rates.

Accepted Answer

A smaller cell has a greater surface are...

Question 11

Both hydrophilic and charged molecules readily diffuse through the cytoplasmic membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Transport proteins located in the cytoplasmic membrane are necessary when

Accepted Answer

A)   diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell.
B)   movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient.
C)   the level of nutrients in nature is very low.
D)   nutrient concentration is very low in the environment, is higher inside of the cell, or diffusion is not possible.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Some membrane proteins are involved in bioenergetic reactions, while others are involved in membrane transport.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes, which supports the endosymbiotic hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Using phase contrast microscopy on a wet mount of live cells, you observe motile bacilli moving rapidly and randomly through the field of view, changing directions after a brief tumble and taking off in a different direction. These cells are exhibiting ________ motility.

Accepted Answer

A)   twitching
B)   swimming
C)   gliding
D)   twitching or glidingE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Teichoic acids are commonly found in gram-negative cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Although the inner leaflet of the gram-negative outer membrane is composed mainly of phospholipids, the outer leaflet of the outer membrane contains

Accepted Answer

A)   pseudopeptidoglycans.
B)   lipoteichoic acids.
C)   poly-β-hydroxybutyric acids (PH
B)  .
D)   lipopolysaccharides (LPS) .E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

You have discovered a new coccoid-shaped microorganism with no nucleus, a rigid cell wall, and a diameter of 2 μm. Chemical tests reveal that its cell wall does NOT contain peptidoglycan. The new microorganism is

Accepted Answer

A)   most likely a bacterium.
B)   most likely a eukaryote.
C)   most likely an archaeon.
D)   either a bacterium or an archaeon.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Bacteria with type IV pili

Accepted Answer

A)   possess tubular or stalk-like extensions of their cells.
B)   likely exhibit twitching motility.
C)   have capsules that promote dehydration.
D)   live in aquatic environments.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 20

Construct a chart to show at least five major differences between the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall of bacteria and archaea. What are the implications of these differences?

Accepted Answer

Answers could include the following: the...

Exam 2: Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Based on your knowledge of porins from the chapter, what is the best description of the specific type of porin called an aquaporin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Construct a chart to show at least five major differences between the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall of bacteria and archaea. What are the implications of these differences?

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswers could include the following: the...View AnswerShow Answer

Poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) is a carbon- and energy-storing polymer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes, which supports the endosymbiotic hypothesis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although the inner leaflet of the gram-negative outer membrane is composed mainly of phospholipids, the outer leaflet of the outer membrane contains

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Teichoic acids are commonly found in gram-negative cell walls.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both hydrophilic and charged molecules readily diffuse through the cytoplasmic membrane.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain why being small is advantageous for cells and how it affects growth rates.

Correct AnswerverifiedA smaller cell has a greater surface are...View AnswerShow Answer

Describe the makeup of the phospholipid bilayer. Include molecular orientation and proteins as well.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe fatty acid components of the lipids ...View AnswerShow Answer

Hydrolytic enzymes function in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the mechanisms by which certain prokaryotes glide. What are the ecological advantages of gliding motility?

Correct AnswerverifiedMechanisms will vary depending on the or...View AnswerShow Answer

You have discovered a new coccoid-shaped microorganism with no nucleus, a rigid cell wall, and a diameter of 2 μm. Chemical tests reveal that its cell wall does NOT contain peptidoglycan. The new microorganism is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some membrane proteins are involved in bioenergetic reactions, while others are involved in membrane transport.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Macromolecules resulting from lysosomal digestion are used in cellular biosynthesis and energy generation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transport proteins located in the cytoplasmic membrane are necessary when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacteria with type IV pili

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ are charged molecules that are partially responsible for the ________ charge of the gram-positive bacterial cell surface.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The membrane-enclosed compartments that contain digestive enzymes in eukaryotic cells are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using phase contrast microscopy on a wet mount of live cells, you observe motile bacilli moving rapidly and randomly through the field of view, changing directions after a brief tumble and taking off in a different direction. These cells are exhibiting ________ motility.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Answers could include the following: the...
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A smaller cell has a greater surface are...
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The fatty acid components of the lipids ...
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Mechanisms will vary depending on the or...
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are charged molecules that are partially responsible for the charge of the gram-positive bacterial cell surface.

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