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Which political philosophy concludes that equality of opportunities is more important than equality of outcomes?

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Table 20-11 Poverty Thresholds in 2011, by Size of Family and Number of Related Children Under 18 Years [Dollars] Table 20-11 Poverty Thresholds in 2011, by Size of Family and Number of Related Children Under 18 Years [Dollars] Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey. -Refer to Table 20-11. What is the poverty line for a family with one 35-year-old adult and one child? A) $11,702 B) $15,446 C) $15,504 D) $18,106 Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey. -Refer to Table 20-11. What is the poverty line for a family with one 35-year-old adult and one child?


A) $11,702
B) $15,446
C) $15,504
D) $18,106

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Minimum wage laws


A) benefit all unskilled workers.
B) create unemployment, but if demand is relatively elastic, the unemployment effects will be minor.
C) may help the nonpoor, such as teenagers from wealthy families.
D) reduce poverty by reducing unemployment.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Explain what information is contained in the poverty rate statistic. Are there problems in using an absolute scale to measure poverty? If so, explain them.

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The poverty rate is the percentage of th...

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Libertarians believe that


A) it is more important to evaluate the process by which economic outcomes are produced than the outcomes themselves.
B) government should attempt to redistribute income from the rich to the poor when the gap between rich and poor is more than 20%.
C) equality of income is more important than equality of opportunity.
D) it is more important to evaluate economic outcomes first and then the process that produced them.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Table 20-3 The Distribution of Income in Edgerton Table 20-3 The Distribution of Income in Edgerton -Refer to Table 20-3. According to the table, what percent of families in Edgerton have income levels below $44,000? A) 80 percent B) 60 percent C) 50 percent D) 40 percent -Refer to Table 20-3. According to the table, what percent of families in Edgerton have income levels below $44,000?


A) 80 percent
B) 60 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 40 percent

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Table 20-6 Table 20-6 -Refer to Table 20-6. A person who is concerned that income inequality has worsened between 2011 and 2012 would cite which of the following statistics to support her position? A) The percentage of people earning less than $25,000 decreased from 2011 to 2012. B) The percentage of people earning more than $100,000 increased from 2011 to 2012. C) The percentage of people earning between $50,000 and $100,000 stayed virtually constant from 2011 to 2012. D) Both a and b are correct. -Refer to Table 20-6. A person who is concerned that income inequality has worsened between 2011 and 2012 would cite which of the following statistics to support her position?


A) The percentage of people earning less than $25,000 decreased from 2011 to 2012.
B) The percentage of people earning more than $100,000 increased from 2011 to 2012.
C) The percentage of people earning between $50,000 and $100,000 stayed virtually constant from 2011 to 2012.
D) Both a and b are correct.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The United States has more income inequality than Japan, Germany, and France.

A) True
B) False

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Since the early 1970s, welfare benefits have declined,


A) which is largely due to the success of the negative income tax program.
B) which is largely due to the success of private charities.
C) yet the percentage of children living with only one parent has increased.
D) and the percentage of children living with only one parent has decreased.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Suppose that Jamal is moving to a state where personal incomes are distributed randomly. If Jamal believes in liberalism, he would prefer


A) an income distribution that is relatively equal.
B) that everyone has the same work opportunities and market-determined wage rates.
C) that private property be transformed to government property to safeguard people's incomes.
D) less economic assistance to the poor because it distorts the price system.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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The elderly represent the largest demographic group in poverty.

A) True
B) False

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Table 20-1 The following table shows the distribution of income in Marysville. Table 20-1 The following table shows the distribution of income in Marysville. -Refer to Table 20-1. Seventy-five percent of all families have incomes above what level? A) $30,000 B) $60,000 C) $90,000 D) There is insufficient information to answer this question. -Refer to Table 20-1. Seventy-five percent of all families have incomes above what level?


A) $30,000
B) $60,000
C) $90,000
D) There is insufficient information to answer this question.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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When comparing the percentage of income (or expenditure) of the lowest and highest 10 percent of the population,


A) South Africa has a more equal income distribution than the United States.
B) South Africa has a more equal income distribution than Japan.
C) Japan has a more equal income distribution than the United States.
D) Mexico has a more equal income distribution than Germany.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following groups has the highest poverty rate?


A) blacks
B) Asians
C) children (under age 18)
D) female households, no spouse present

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Marco earns more than Antonio. A legislator proposes taxing Marco to supplement Antonio's income. A libertarian would view this proposal as


A) a way to improve the welfare of all in society.
B) a way to enhance Antonio's income in a socially responsible way.
C) validation of the role of diminishing marginal utility over the maximin criterion.
D) an inappropriate role for government, since government should not redistribute income.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Libertarianism identifies a redistribution of income role for government when


A) the utility of the worst-off could be improved.
B) the income distribution is altered by illegal means (e.g. theft) .
C) the total utility for society can be improved through redistribution of income.
D) a "veil of ignorance" would result in a recommendation of redistribution of income.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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-Refer to Table 20-13. The Human Development Report computes a measure of inequality by dividing the income of the richest 10% of the population by the income of the poorest 10%. If the value for this measure of inequality in the US is 15.9 and the value for India is 8.6, how does Imagination compare to these two nations? -Refer to Table 20-13. The Human Development Report computes a measure of inequality by dividing the income of the richest 10% of the population by the income of the poorest 10%. If the value for this measure of inequality in the US is 15.9 and the value for India is 8.6, how does Imagination compare to these two nations?

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Imagination has a mo...

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Economists Cox and Alm compared the gap between rich and poor and found that the richest 20% was about 15 times better off than the poorest 20% when they compared what data?

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A follower of liberalism would not support a redistribution of income but rather would focus on equalizing opportunities.

A) True
B) False

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Table 20-2 Percentage of Before-Tax Income Received by Families in Hapland Table 20-2 Percentage of Before-Tax Income Received by Families in Hapland -Refer to Table 20-2. According to the table, from 1950 to 2000, the Hapland income distribution became A) less equal. B) more equal. C) more equal at the lowest level of income but less equal at highest level of income. D) less equal at the lowest level of income but more equal at highest level of income. -Refer to Table 20-2. According to the table, from 1950 to 2000, the Hapland income distribution became


A) less equal.
B) more equal.
C) more equal at the lowest level of income but less equal at highest level of income.
D) less equal at the lowest level of income but more equal at highest level of income.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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