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Exam 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

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Question 31

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Which of the following statements about brain development and early childhood is true?

A) The development that occurs inside the brain ends at the onset of adolescence.
B) By the time a child is 3 years of age, the brain is 25 percent of its adult size.
C) By age 6, the brain has reached about 95 percent of its adult size.
D) The brain of a five-year-old is 60 percent the size of an adult brain.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 32

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________ is a process that helps to explain how young children learn the connection between a word and its referent so quickly.

A) Vertical thinking
B) Centration
C) Fast mapping
D) Conservation

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Question 33

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Which of the following is a criticism of the Montessori approach?

Diego is 3 years old. His mother pours him and his elder sister orange juice. Because his mother does not have two glasses of the same size, she pours his sister the juice in a taller glass than his. Though both glasses have the same amount of juice, Diego starts to cry because he think his sister has more juice. In the context of cognitive development in early childhood, this scenario illustrates the concept of

According to Harris, Golinkoff, and Hirsh-Pasek (2011) , which of the following is a key principle in young children's vocabulary development?

Identify the inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and the perspective of another.

Describe two reasons for developmental changes in memory span.

Six-year-old Gina has a body mass index (BMI) at the 95th percentile. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018) , she is

Children begin to understand three mental states from 18 months to 3 years of age. According to Pratt and Bryant, a child realizes that looking leads to knowing what's inside a container by 3 years of age. This mental state of the child is known as ________.

A review of the height and weight of children around the world concluded that there are

In general, conservation involves the ability to understand that changing an object's appearance

A police officer visits Heather's class to discuss safety rules. To attract the children's attention, the officer brings colorful balloons and jars of bubbles. Later, Heather tells her parents all about the balloons and bubbles but cannot remember any of the safety rules the officer talked about. Heather obviously paid more attention to what was

List the ways in which Lev Vygotsky's theory can be incorporated in classrooms.

Define what Piaget meant by an operation. What would be one task that preoperational children fail to do because they lack operations?

Name the Italian physician-turned-educator who at the beginning of the twentieth century crafted a revolutionary approach to young children's education. In this approach, children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities.

Piaget called the second substage of the preoperational stage intuitive because children know something but know it without the use of ________.

Identify the term that refers to awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.

What are the current controversies in early childhood education?

Olivia, 3-year-old girl, loves to play with her toy train. She names it Max and takes it with her everywhere. One day, while drinking milk, she spills the milk on the floor. To avoid being scolded, Olivia tells her mother that Max has spilled the milk. Another day, she blames Max for soiling her dress. In the context of cognitive development in early childhood, this scenario illustrates the concept of

Critics of universal preschool education say that