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Star Flights Inc.launches exploratory and commercial space flights from its base in the United States.In the event of a collision with other space objects,under the Outer Space Treaty,liability for injury or damage


A) is to be assumed by all involved parties equitably
B) is strict liability-that is,liability without fault.
C) is subject to a determination of fault.
D) does not exist.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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In the United States,each government agency that operates or authorizes spacecraft is responsible for complying with U.S.law and international treaties.

A) True
B) False

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In an action by a domestic business to attach a foreign nation's property,the plaintiff must prove that the defendant is not entitled to sovereign immunity.

A) True
B) False

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Retail Operations,Inc. ,a U.S.firm,obtains a judgment in a U.S.court against Shinobu,Ltd. ,a Japanese business.Whether the court's judgment will be enforced by a court in Japan depends on the Japanese court's application of


A) the act of state doctrine.
B) the doctrine of sovereign immunity.
C) the principle of comity.
D) the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Burger Heaven,a U.S.firm,makes a deal with a Canadian firm,Donny's Diners,that allows Donny's to use Burger Heaven's trade name in Canada in return for a fee.This is


A) a license.
B) a distribution agreement.
C) a subsidiary.
D) direct exporting.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Wei Ltd. ,a Chinese firm,imports its goods into the United States and offers those goods for sale at "less than fair value." This is


A) confiscation.
B) a trade barrier.
C) dumping.
D) normal trade relations.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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C

Agri Products Inc. ,a U.S.firm that currently distributes its products in China itself,signs a contract with Bao Ltd. ,a Chinese firm,to distribute Agri's products in China.The most likely reason for this deal is


A) China represents a substantial market for Agri.
B) China is a new market for Agri.
C) Agri will thereby avoid jurisdictional and contract-law issues.
D) Agri wants to withdraw from any potential liability in China.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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U.S.antitrust laws can protect foreign consumers and competitors from violations committed by U.S.citizens and companies.

A) True
B) False

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The federal Alien Tort Claims Act allows foreign citizens,but not U.S.citizens,to file civil actions in U.S.courts for torts that were committed abroad.

A) True
B) False

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Global Industries Corporation owns assets in Kazakhstan,a country in Asia.The government of Kazakhstan wants to nationalize all assets owned by foreign firms and investors.What can Global Industries do? Can it at least obtain payment for the assets?

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If a government decides to seize property within its borders,and not to pay for it,there are few remedies available.This is of course a confiscation,which results when a government takes private property for an illegal purpose without paying just compensation.(An expropriation,by contrast,occurs when a government seizes private assets or a private business for a legal purpose and pays for the seizure. )Under most circumstances,it is unlikely that a confiscating nation's courts would order its government to pay just compensation,even if the court had the authority to do so.In a case alleging that a foreign government has wrongfully taken a business firm's property,the defendant government has the burden to prove that the taking was an expropriation,not a confiscation. But the act of state doctrine can prevent a firm's recovery in a court in the firm's home country.Under that doctrine,a court in one country will not review the validity of a public act of a recognized foreign government within its own territory.Some nations guarantee compensation to foreign investors in their constitutions,statutes,or treaties.Others (such as the United States)provide some insurance for their citizens' investments abroad.Claims are often resolved by lump-sum settlements after negotiations,as between the United States and the confiscating nation.

In a case alleging that a foreign government wrongfully confiscated a domestic firm's property,the foreign government must prove the taking was an expropriation.

A) True
B) False

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The management of Sport Shoes Corporation,a U.S.firm,wants to expand into foreign investment and employment markets.They are considering either opening their own production facility in a foreign country or entering into a licensing agreement with a foreign firm.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of these courses of action?

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One of the advantages of opening a wholl...

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Trade barriers are


A) restrictions on imports.
B) restrictions on exports.
C) the lack of incentives and subsidies to stimulate imports.
D) the lack of incentives and subsidies to stimulate exports.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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A U.S.court can assert jurisdiction over a foreign government in a case involving the control of natural resources within that government's territory.

A) True
B) False

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Goods made by a U.S.business firm in a foreign manufacturing plant are not subject to taxes when the goods are imported into the United States.

A) True
B) False

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False

The U.S.government does not generally regulate private spaceports and the launch and reentry of private spacecraft.

A) True
B) False

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Venezuela seizes the assets of World Oil,Inc. ,a U.S.firm.World Oil's recovery from Venezuela in a U.S.court may be prevented by


A) the act of state doctrine.
B) the doctrine of sovereign immunity.
C) a court in Venezuela.
D) the principle of comity.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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A business firm is subject only to the laws of its home nation even when it maintains operations or otherwise does business in other nations.

A) True
B) False

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Consolidated Corporation,a U.S.firm,wishes to participate,but limit its involvement,in Middle Eastern markets.Consolidated empowers Doha Ltd. ,an Egyptian firm,to enter into contracts in certain countries on behalf of Consolidated.This is


A) a distribution agreement.
B) an agency relationship.
C) indirect exporting.
D) direct exporting.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Under the Export Trading Company Act,U.S.banks are


A) encouraged to invest in export trading companies.
B) discouraged from granting credit to export trading companies.
C) required to report financial transactions with export trading companies.
D) prohibited from lending funds to export trading companies.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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