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Exam 10: Motivating Employees

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Question 51

Multiple Choice

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The Hawthorne studies concluded that worker motivation:

A) increased when managers applied the scientific management approach.
B) was most affected by monetary incentives.
C) improved when employees felt like their ideas were respected.
D) was mainly determined by physical working conditions such as lighting,temperature,and humidity.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 52

Multiple Choice

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You are a graduate teaching assistant in the Biology department at Fairview University.You have several graduate student friends who have graduate appointments in the business department and the English department.While everyone's compensation and employee benefits are exactly the same,your department requires you to always show-up and tutor students at least four hours each day and to serve on one university committee each semester.Graduates students at the other departments are not required by their management to follow these rules.Lately,you are doing your best to limit your daily obligation to 2 ½ to 3 hours each day.The motivational theory that most closely correlates with your actions is:

A) equity theory
B) expectancy theory
C) reinforcement theory
D) goal-setting theory

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Question 53

True/False

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Alan tries to make life easy on his employees by telling them exactly what to do and how to do it.He believes that most of his subordinates are lazy,and will goof off if he doesn't keep an eye on them,so he spends much of his time monitoring their work.When he finds an employee who is not performing up to his expectations,Alan uses threats and punishment to increase the worker's motivation.Alan is a Theory X-type manager.

To be competitive,____________ recommended that American firms adopt a new management style that was a hybrid of the approaches used by Japanese firms and those used by American firms called _________.

LivWell Biotechnology Company has four locations in the metropolitan area where you live.You work as a marketing specialist at the oldest and southern most location.Your colleagues at three other locations get ½ hour off each day to work out because there are work out facilities at each of their locations.You know that you make a little more than they do,but after measuring the cost of stopping off at the local physical fitness center on your way home each evening,you realize that your extra compensation would not cover the cost of a gym membership.You are keeping tabs on marketing positions that may open at the other locations.Although you enjoy the people that you work with at LivWell's southern location,you would agree that you are using equity theory,to bring a sense of fairness to what you perceive as an inequity.

According to Maslow,a satisfied need is no longer a motivator.

Herzberg's research focused on determining which management style achieved the highest level of worker motivation.

Maslow placed _________ needs at the highest level of his hierarchy.

According to expectancy theory,one of the things employees want to know before they commit to making a maximum effort on a task is whether the reward for accomplishing the task is worth the effort.

Vroom's expectancy theory contends that prior to committing maximum effort to a task,employees want to know if they can accomplish the task and if it will equally reward everyone at work,even if others were not involved in the accomplishment of the task.

Reinforcement theory suggests that employees respond to carrots rewards)but not to sticks punishment).

If managers want to retain their employees,a good strategy may involve mentoring them for more senior roles in the organization and provide opportunities for job advancement.

Which of the following descriptions more appropriately reflects the way that Gen Xers prefer to communicate at work?

Maslow referred to the needs people had for recognition and acknowledgement from others as esteem needs.

Millie recently accepted a new job with better pay and a high degree of job security.She is now able to live in a nicer apartment and maintain a fairly comfortable life style.However,she still feels like an "outsider" at work,and does not yet perceive that her fellow employees have accepted her into their group.According to Maslow's theory,Millie is driven by a desire to satisfy her social needs.

Several advocacy groups in the U.S.monitor firms that do business with sweatshops in developing nations.These watchdog groups are concerned about human rights abuses in foreign factories,often citing unsafe and unclean working conditions.Recently,business experts have shed new light on this issue,stating that these factories that do not meet the standards of developed nations are still perceived by their workers as a better way of life than what they had before because these employers offer steady wages.According to Maslow,these workers are motivated to satisfy which of his hierarchy of needs?

According to expectancy theory,employees in a given organization tend to have very similar expectations.

Feedback enhances worker motivation by giving employees a feeling of achievement and recognition.

The results of the Hawthorne studies encouraged researchers to begin studying human motivation and managerial styles that lead to higher productivity.

Even if there are cultural differences across the globe,reward preferences do not vary across cultures.