Question 1

Which research method would be most effective for identifying the mating rituals of North American deer?

Accepted Answer

A)  survey research
B)  naturalistic observation
C)  experimentation
D)  the double-blind procedureE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

To minimize the extent to which outcome differences between experimental and control groups can be attributed to placebo effects,researchers make use of

Accepted Answer

A)  random sampling.
B)  the double-blind procedure.
C)  random assignment.
D)  operational definitions.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Dr.Wilcox conducts basic research on the behavioral differences between shy and outgoing people.Dr.Wilcox is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)  biological
B)  cognitive
C)  industrial-organizational
D)  personalityE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Jamie and Lynn were sure that they had answered most of the multiple-choice questions correctly because "the questions required only common sense." However,they each scored less than 60% on the exam.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  a confounding variable.
B)  random assignment.
C)  hindsight bias.
D)  overconfidence.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Angie wonders whether her calm and relaxed personality style was learned or inherited.Angie's concern is most directly relevant to the issue of

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation and causation.
B)  behavior and mental processes.
C)  nature and nurture.
D)  conscious and unconscious mind.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

The first woman to receive a Ph.D.in psychology later wrote an influential book,The Animal Mind.Her name was

Accepted Answer

A)  Mary Whiton Calkins.
B)  Rosalie Rayner.
C)  Margaret Floy Washburn.
D)  Jean Piaget.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Positive psychology uniquely focuses on the promotion of positive

Accepted Answer

A)  curiosity,skepticism,and humility.
B)  emotions,character traits,and institutions.
C)  descriptive,correlational,and experimental methods.
D)  classroom instruction,study techniques,and test grades.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Correlational research is most useful for purposes of

Accepted Answer

A)  explanation.
B)  prediction.
C)  control.
D)  replication.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 9

In which type of research would an investigator manipulate at least one factor and observe its effect on some behavior or mental process?

Accepted Answer

A)  the survey
B)  the case study
C)  experimentation
D)  naturalistic observationE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Basic research on persistent human traits like optimism and pessimism is most characteristic of the specialty known as ________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)  biological
B)  personality
C)  social
D)  developmentalE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Conducting a case study best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  random sampling.
B)  correlational research.
C)  the double-blind procedure.
D)  a descriptive method.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

A negative correlation between degree of wealth and likelihood of suffering from a psychological disorder would indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)  poverty makes people vulnerable to psychological disorders.
B)  people who are poor are more likely to have a psychological disorder than are wealthy people.
C)  psychological disorders usually prevent people from accumulating wealth.
D)  all of these statements are correct.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Unlike correlational studies,experiments involve

Accepted Answer

A)  operationally defining research procedures.
B)  manipulating the factors of interest.
C)  studying observable behaviors.
D)  replication of previous research.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 14

The enhanced memory that accompanies repeated self-testing of material learned earlier best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A)  replication.
B)  retrieval practice.
C)  random sampling.
D)  informed consent.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Research participants are randomly assigned to different groups in an experiment in order to

Accepted Answer

A)  minimize chances that participants in any group know one another.
B)  increase chances that participants are representative of people in general.
C)  minimize any differences between groups of participants.
D)  increase chances that the different groups have the same number of participants.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to its capacity to generate testable

Accepted Answer

A)  assumptions.
B)  correlations.
C)  predictions.
D)  variables.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Our visual perception track enables us to recognize objects while our visual action track enables us to manipulate objects.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the testing effect.
B)  dual processing.
C)  random assignment.
D)  replication.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Early behaviorists such as John B.Watson would have considered the study of conscious self-awareness to be

Accepted Answer

A)  applied research.
B)  a positive psychology.
C)  an unscientific method.
D)  a biopsychosocial approach.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

In an experimental study,men with erectile disorder received either Viagra or a placebo.In this study,the drug dosage (none versus peak dosage) was the

Accepted Answer

A)  confounding variable.
B)  dependent variable.
C)  random sample.
D)  independent variable.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following enables more exact descriptions of ongoing behaviors without explaining them?

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment
B)  informed consent
C)  naturalistic observation
D)  the double-blind procedureE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 1: Psychologys Roots, Big Ideas, and Critical Thinking Tools

Angie wonders whether her calm and relaxed personality style was learned or inherited.Angie's concern is most directly relevant to the issue of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jamie and Lynn were sure that they had answered most of the multiple-choice questions correctly because "the questions required only common sense." However,they each scored less than 60% on the exam.This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correlational research is most useful for purposes of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following enables more exact descriptions of ongoing behaviors without explaining them?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experimental study,men with erectile disorder received either Viagra or a placebo.In this study,the drug dosage (none versus peak dosage) was the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Conducting a case study best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A negative correlation between degree of wealth and likelihood of suffering from a psychological disorder would indicate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unlike correlational studies,experiments involve

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Our visual perception track enables us to recognize objects while our visual action track enables us to manipulate objects.This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To minimize the extent to which outcome differences between experimental and control groups can be attributed to placebo effects,researchers make use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Positive psychology uniquely focuses on the promotion of positive

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to its capacity to generate testable

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which type of research would an investigator manipulate at least one factor and observe its effect on some behavior or mental process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Basic research on persistent human traits like optimism and pessimism is most characteristic of the specialty known as ________ psychology.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Early behaviorists such as John B.Watson would have considered the study of conscious self-awareness to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research participants are randomly assigned to different groups in an experiment in order to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The enhanced memory that accompanies repeated self-testing of material learned earlier best illustrates the value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first woman to receive a Ph.D.in psychology later wrote an influential book,The Animal Mind.Her name was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Wilcox conducts basic research on the behavioral differences between shy and outgoing people.Dr.Wilcox is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which research method would be most effective for identifying the mating rituals of North American deer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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